INTRODUCTION It has been nearly 20 yr since the first published astronaut mortality analysis. Using astronaut vital data and general population mortality rates, we calculate Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for both total and specific causes of death among astronauts between January 1980 and June 2009 to look for changes in mortality patterns over time. METHODS Astronaut vital data were de...

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BACKGROUND Official statistics tend to underestimate the incidence of occupational disease (OD) nationally and regionally in Russia. OBJECTIVES The general aim was to obtain an accurate estimate of ODs in Murmansk Oblast in 1980-2010 and to determine the rate of specific types of ODs among cohorts of workers who had been exposed to the hazardous factors causing the disease. MATERIALS AND ME...

A notable feature of the Japanese economy in the last two decades is the large fluctuations in asset prices. We examine whether they can by accounted for by a stochastic growth model with habit persistence and costly capital adjustment. For the real estate price, people’s expectations on the trend growth rate in the future plays a crucial role. In particular, our model with adaptive expectation...

Edgar Ashworth Underwood was bom in Dumfries on 9 March 1899. He was educated at the Dumfries Academy, a school of high standing, and finished his schooldays as Dux (head boy) of the modern side. War service (1917-1919) with the Cameron Highlanders in France followed (his regimental kilt long remained a treasured possession)..On demobilization he entered the University of Glasgow and there in 1...

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are diseases thought to be caused by mutant cellular proteins found in mammalian nerve tissues. This family of diseases is known to affect a variety of animals, including: sheep (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), deer and elk (chronic wasting disease), and humans (GerstmannStraussier-Sc...

Colposcopy is a technique used to examine the vagina [2] and cervix [3] to identify abnormalities or earlier stages of cervical cancer. During an exam, a physician uses an instrument, called a colposcope, that illuminates and magnifies the tissues. Hans Hinselmann developed the colposcope in December of 1924 in Hamburg, Germany. Hinselmann's colposcope enabled doctors to detect cervical tumors ...

The Colombian city of Medellin has faced a severe problem of violence and homicide. The goal of this retrospective, descriptive-analytical study was to assess the magnitude, distribution, most salient characteristics and possible explanations for the problem between 1980 and 2007. Data were obtained from official databases, hospital records and the available literature, and a focus group was se...