1. Introduction Recall that a fuzzy equivalence relation in a nonempty set S is a fuzzy relation eq : S×S → [0,1] such that eq(x,x) = 1 (reflexive); eq(x,y) = eq(y,x) (symmetric) ; eq(x,y)≈eq(y,z) ≤ eq(x,z) (≈-transitive) where ≈ is a t-norm. Now, as observed by De Cock and Kerre in [3], this notion is not suitable to model approximate equality and therefore to solve paradoxes like the so calle...

(1) Let L be a non empty reflexive transitive relational structure and x, y be elements of L. If x ≤ y, then compactbelow(x)⊆ compactbelow(y). (2) For every non empty reflexive relational structure L and for every element x of L holds compactbelow(x) is a subset of CompactSublatt(L). (3) For every relational structure L and for every relational substructure S of L holds every subset of S is a s...

One of the advantages systems based on fuzzy logic (fuzzy systems) is possibility a soft switch from one set values input parameters system to another, when different conclusions are drawn for sets these values. A type 2 direct generalization an ordinary set. In this paper, we review some branches theory type-2 and systems. We discuss operations sets, relations, centroids describe functional re...

in this paper, we present a revised similarity measure based onchen-and-chen's similarity measure for fuzzy risk analysis. the revisedsimilarity measure uses the corrected formulae to calculate the centre ofgravity points, therefore it is more  effective than the chen-and-chen'smethod. the revised similarity measure can overcome the drawbacks of theexisting methods. we have also proposed a new ...

The main results of the paper: (1) The dual Banach space X∗ contains a linear subspace A ⊂ X∗ such that the set A of all limits of weak∗ convergent bounded nets in A is a proper norm-dense subset of X∗ if and only if X is a non-quasi-reflexive Banach space containing an infinite-dimensional subspace with separable dual. (2) Let X be a non-reflexive Banach space. Then there exists a convex subse...

This paper presents data from Kannada that resist either type of analysis ( 2). The grammar of reflexivity in Kannada reveals that resultatives must be syntactically distinguished both from ECM constructions and from simple transitives. Simple transitives and ECM constructions allow verbal reflexive marking when reflexive, but resultatives do not. To explain this, we assign Kannada resultatives...

Standard Dutch and German have two reflexive forms: a weak form (zich in Dutch and sich in German) and a strong form (zichzelf in Dutch and sich selbst in German). The choice between the two reflexive forms in Dutch has been explained by the selectional restrictions of the verb, distinguishing between three verb classes: inherently reflexive verbs, accidentally reflexive verbs and transitive ve...