We obtained 238 spectra of the close orbiting extrasolar giant planet HD 189733b with resolution R ∼ 15, 000 during one night of observations with the near infrared spectrograph, NIRSPEC, at the Keck II Telescope. We have searched for planetary absorption signatures in the 2.0 μm 2.4 μm region where H2O and CO are expected to be the dominant atmospheric opacities. We employ a phase dependent or...

Two different types of DNA adducts are formed from many aromatic amines by bioactivation: N-acetylated and nonacetylated, arylamine DNA adducts. It has become clear from experiments using N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene and 2-aminofluorene adducts to C8 of deoxyguanosine that these two types of adducts may have different effects on DNA structure and DNA replication. We have determined blocking of DNA ...

Much attention is focused today on predicting how plants will respond to anticipated changes in atmospheric composition and climate, and in particular to increases in CO(2) concentration. Here we review the long-term global fluctuations in atmospheric CO(2) concentration as a framework for understanding how current trends in atmospheric CO(2) concentration fit into a selective, evolutionary con...

In the estimation of the odds ratio (OR), the conditional maximum-likelihood estimate (cMLE) is preferred to the more readily computed unconditional one (uMLE). However, the exact cMLE does not have a closed form to help divine it from the uMLE or to understand in what circumstances the difference between the two is appreciable. Here, the cMLE is shown to have the same 'ratio of cross-products'...

OBJECTIVES To develop an index for the ratio of metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) to its tissue inhibitor (TIMP-2) in immunostained medullary thyroid carcinoma specimens and to correlate it with clinical and pathologic prognostic factors. Metalloproteinases, enzymes related to the degradation of the extracellular matrix, take part in carcinogenesis and have been associated with the prognosis of neopl...

Photoionization of the 5p6 shell in xenon leaves the ion in either the 5p(P3/2) or np(P1/2) state. Measurements of the P3/2 : P1/2 branching ratio are reported within the Xe 5s5p6p(P1) resonance and fitted to a new theoretical expression. The maximum value of the ratio as determined by a two-parameter fit of theory to experiment is 8.8 ± 0.5 within the resonance, almost six times the nearly con...

Variable power splitting ratio 2x2 MMI couplers using multimode waveguide holograms are analyzed. Theoretical analysis shows that variable splitting ratios can be obtained with surface relief holograms on MMI couplers with fixed dimensions. Devices with paired-imaging lengths are designed on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Beam propagation simulations are used to verify a matrix theory a...

The odds ratio remains one of the simplest of measures for quantifying the association structure between two dichotomous variables. Its use is especially applicable when the cell values of a 2× 2 contingency table are known. However, there are cases where this information is not known. This may be due to reasons of confidentiality or because the data was not collected at the time of the study. ...

In belligerent countries, male-to-female sex ratios at birth increased during and shortly after the two world wars. These rises still defy explanation. Several causes have been suggested (but not tested) in the literature. Many of these causes are proximate in nature, refl ecting behavioral responses to the dramatically changed marriage market conditions for women and men that were induced by w...

In belligerent countries, male-to-female sex ratios at birth increased during and shortly after the two world wars. These rises still defy explanation. Several causes have been suggested (but not tested) in the literature. Many of these causes are proximate in nature, reflecting behavioral responses to the dramatically changed marriage market conditions for women and men that were induced by wa...