In the present study, the effect of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptor agonists and antagonists on morphine-induced antinociception was investigated in formalin test in rats. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of different doses of morphine (1, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of different doses of muscimol (0.5, 1 and 2 g/rat) or baclofen (0.25, 0.5 and 1 g/rat) ...

      A novel podand based anion receptor bearing benzimidazole motifs as recognition sites was designed and synthesized by reaction of 1,7-bis(2'-methylbenzoate)-1,4,7-trioxaheptane and phenylenediamine. The binding properties of anionic guest with this receptor were studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. These studies revealed that this receptor exhibit selective recognition towar...

Introduction: β-carbolines are shown to have significant anti-inflammatory effect via the inhibition of some inflammatory mediators including TNF-α and PGE2. In previous studies Purkinje cell deterioration have been proposed the dominant pathogenesis of harmaline toxicity. WIN55, 212-2 is a non-selective cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor agonist. Combination of WIN55, 212-2 ...

In this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /I1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (I1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. After the last administration of ...

In this study using clonidine (a mixed ?2 /I1 receptors agonist), tizanidine (pure ?2-receptor agonist), rilmenidine (I1 receptor agonist) and yohimbine (?2-receptor antagonist), we tried to clarify the role of imidazoline and ?2-receptors in morphine withdrawal syndrome. Morphine-dependence was induced by administration of increasing doses of morphine in mice. After the last administration of ...

The affinity of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to its receptor is very important, because most of LDL-uptake pathway is done by the LDL receptor and the change in size of LDL particle and the modification in its components may affects the LDL affinity for its receptor. In this study, the effects of lipophilic agents such as vitamin E and seven volatile oils: anethol, eugenol, geraniol, limonene,...

background: early childhood caries (ecc) is a common health problem in the developing countries. basic knowledge about the etiology and pathogenesis of ecc plays an important role in its prevention. objective: to determine the relationship between salivary tlr-2 concentration and early childhood caries formation methods: twenty-eight children with ages ranging from 36 to 71 months (15 in ecc gr...