In this paper, we investigate pollutant reduction policies under uncertainty. We assume that when an agent reduces quantity of a pollutant, it incurs costs. We consider two kinds of policies distinguished by their costs. One policy incurs proportional reduction cost (Case 1) and the other incurs fixed and proportional reduction costs (Case 2). To solve these problems, we formulate the agent’s p...

BACKGROUND In South Africa, the financing and sustainability of HIV services is a priority. Community-based HIV testing services (CB-HTS) play a vital role in diagnosis and linkage to HIV care for those least likely to utilise government health services. With insufficient estimates of the costs associated with CB-HTS provided by NGOs in South Africa, this cost analysis explored the cost to impl...

It is not enough known about differences in cost to provide anesthesia care for different surgical disciplines. Aims: In attention to check possibility for rationalization, study aims are: identification, measuring, economically evaluation and analyzing the costs of anesthesia care for different surgical disciplines.Methods: In this retrospective study, the authors determined the direct costs (...

Background. Although measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2,000, importations continue to occur. In March 2013, an intentionally unvaccinated adolescent with measles returned to New York City (NYC) from the United Kingdom, leading to an outbreak of 58 cases. We examined the cost to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) to respond to and contain the outbrea...

BACKGROUND This study identified per patient resource use and staff costs at a cystic fibrosis (CF) outpatient unit from the health care provider's perspective. METHODS Personnel cost data were prospectively collected for all CF outpatients (n = 126) under routine conditions at the Charité Medical School Berlin in Germany over a six month study period. Patients were grouped according to age, ...

BACKGROUND The number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in India has increased substantially over the last decade; yet many more are required. There is limited information on the actual costs of setting up and running an NICU in India. OBJECTIVE Systematic and comprehensive calculation and analysis of the costs of neonatal intensive care in a tertiary care teaching hospital. METHODS ...

CONTEXT Modern medical practice involves cost analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. There are no papers dealing with this theme in relation to forensic autopsies in our country. OBJECTIVE Analysis of direct costs of forensic autopsies. TYPE OF STUDY Cost analysis. SETTING São Paulo Medical Examiner's Central Office. SAMPLE Year 2001 activity. PROCEDURES Routine forensic a...