Traditional question answering systems typically employ a single pipeline architecture, consisting roughly of three components: question analysis, search, and answer selection (see e.g., (Clarke et al., 2001a; Hovy et al., 2000; Moldovan et al., 2000; Prager et al., 2000)). The knowledge sources utilized by these systems to date primarily focus on the corpus from which answers are to be retriev...

6,463,329 B1 10/2002 Goedeke 6,667,725 B1 12/2003 Simons et al. 2001/0016683 A1 8/2001 Darrow et al. 2002/0027531 A1 3/2002 Brown et al. 2002/0042637 A1 4/2002 Stover 2002/0058906 A1 * 5/2002 Lebel et al. .................. 604/65 2002/0123777 A1 9/2002 Dolgin et al. 2002/0177884 A1 11/2002 Ahn et al. 2005/0267550 A1 * 12/2005 Hess et al. .................... 607/60 6,411,842 B1 * 6/2002 Cigain...

Ovarian folliculogenesis is characterized by drastic proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and theca cells. Although it is well accepted that gonadotropins and ovarian steroids play the central roles in follicular development by controlling follicular microenvironments, intrafollicular substances including growth factors and cytokines are known to function as modulators of ovaria...

(75) Inventors: Matthew Ralph Maschmann, Chandler, AZ (US); Timothy Scott Fisher, West Lafayette, IN (US); Timothy Sands, West Lafayette, IN (US); Rashid Bashir, West Lafayette, IN (US) 5,382,417 A 5,993,694 A 6,129,901 A 6,139,713 A 6,217,828 B1 6,232,706 B1 6,297,592 B1 6,359,288 B1 6,465,132 B1 1/1995Haase 11/1999 Ito et al. 10/2000 Moskovits et al. ........ 423/447.3 10/2000 Masuda et al. 4...

The impact of unsealed forest road networks on stream water quality has long been recognised and documented by many researchers (e.g. Takken et al., 2005; Flanagan et al., 2003; Croke and Mockler, 2001; Megahan et al. 2001; Croke et al., 1999; Montgomery, D.R., 1994 and Anderson et al. 1976). However, the importance of the degree of road-to-stream connectivity has only generated a limited amoun...

HIV-1 RT and protease sequencing and drug susceptibility testing have been done in research settings for more than ten years to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Retrospective studies have shown that the presence of drug resistance before starting a new drug regimen is an independent predictor of virologic response to that regimen (DeGruttola et al., 2000; ...

In this paper we critique two recent studies that have been claimed to disprove the Out of Africa hypothesis for modern human origins (Hawks et al., 2000; Wolpoff et al., 2001). We show that the test prediction employed by Hawks et al. (2000) and Wolpff et al. (2001) is not relevant to many versions of the Out of Africa hypothesis, and that the key specimens they used are problematic in terms o...

The importance of microenvironment and context in regulation of tissue-specific genes is finally well established. DNA exposure to, or sequestration from, nucleases can be used to detect differences in higher order chromatin structure in intact cells without disturbing cellular or tissue architecture. To investigate the relationship between chromatin organization and tumor phenotype, we utilize...