Elevated expression of the drug efflux transporter ABCG2 seems to correlate with multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Specific COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib has been shown to enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. To clarify whether ABCG2 inhibition is involved in the sensitizing effect of celecoxib, we investigated whether the expression of ABCG2 in breast cancer cell lines ...

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) signaling is involved in cancer progression. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) triggers store-operated calcium channels to induce SOCE. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) influences a wide range of cellular behaviors, including cell proliferation. However, little is known about the relationship between calcium signaling and TGF-β signaling in cancer ce...

Multiple steps are involved in the metastasis of cancer cells from primary sites to distant organs. These steps should be considered in the design of pharmacologic approaches to prevent or inhibit the metastatic process. In the present study, we have compared the effects of inhibiting several steps involved in the bone metastatic process individually with inhibition of both together. The steps ...

BACKGROUND Dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) is a negative feedback mechanism of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), that is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. It has been reported that the expression of DUSP6 in different types of breast cancer is diverse and therefore it has altered functions in various types of breas...

6.3 Intermediate retinal neurons 230 6.3.1 Horizontal cells and bipolar cells 230 6.3.1.1 Connections to cones 230 6.3.1.2 Functional organization 230 6.3.1.3 Amacrine cells 231 6.4 Ganglion cells and LGN cells 231 6.4.1 Structural issues 232 6.4.2 Function organization 232 6.4.2.1 Receptive field organization 233 6.4.2.2 Contrast sensitivity 234 6.4.3 Chromatic properties 234 6.4.3.1 Chromatic...

Chemotherapeutic resistance in breast cancer, whether acquired or intrinsic, remains a major clinical obstacle. Thus, increasing tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents will be helpful in improving the clinical management of breast cancer. In the present study, we found an induction of HO-1 expression in doxorubicin (DOX)-treated MDA-MB-231 human breast adenocarcinoma cells, which sho...

Treatment of WEHI 231 immature B-lymphoma cells with an antibody against their surface immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) induces apoptosis and has been studied extensively as a model of B-cell tolerance. Anti-Ig treatment of exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells results in an early transient increase in c-myc expression that is followed by a decline to below basal levels; this decrease in c-myc expressio...

Autophagy, an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism, has emerged as a novel cytoprotective mechanism to increase tumor cell survival through escaping chemotherapy‑induced cell death. To explore whether autophagy plays a protective role in the resistance to the tumor necrosis factor‑related apoptosis‑inducing ligand (TRAIL), we evaluated the autophagy levels in TRAIL‑sensitive MDA‑M...

INTRODUCTION The F3 peptide (KDEPQRRSARLSAKPAPPKPEPKPKKAPAKK), a fragment of the human high mobility group protein 2, binds nucleolin. Nucleolin is expressed in the nuclei of normal cells but is also expressed on the membrane of some cancer cells. The goal was to investigate the use of 111In-labeled F3 peptide for Auger electron-targeted radiotherapy. METHODS F3 was labeled with fluorescein i...