Fecal constituents such as bile acids and increased sialylation of membrane glycoproteins by α-2,6-sialyltransferase (HST6N-1) may contribute to colorectal tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that bile acids and phorbol ester [12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)] would upregulate HST6N-1 in colonic cells. However, deoxycholate (DOC) (300 μmol/l), a secondary bile acid, and TPA (20 ng/ml) dec...

Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) encompasses one of the largest reservoirs of carbon on Earth. Heterotrophic bacteria are the primary biotic force regulating the fate of this material, yet the capacity of individual strains to significantly contribute to carbon cycling is unknown. Here we quantified the ability of a single Alteromonas strain [Alteromonas sp. strain Scripps Institution of O...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Software and hardware quality assurance Airborne software and hardware Safety certification DO-178B DO-254 To ensure the safety of avionic systems, civil avionic software and hardware regulated by certification authorities must be certified based on applicable standards (e.g., DO-178B and DO-254). The overall safety integrity of an avi-onic system, comprising sof...

This study was a retrospective chart review of the cases operated for maxillofacial trauma with plate osteosynthesis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Khyber College of Dentistry Peshawar, Pakistan, and was designed to evaluate the frequency and various reasons for the removal of the stainless steel plates in maxillofacial trauma patients. It was conducted on patients who were treated w...

This study assessed the efficacy for removing Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts of poorly sorted, Fe- and Al-rich, subsurface sediments collected from 0.9 to 4.9 and 1.7-13.9 m below land surface at an operating riverbank filtration (RBF) site (Russian River, Sonoma County, CA). Both formaldehyde-killed oocysts and oocyst-sized (3 microm) microspheres were employed in sediment-packed flow-through ...

At the Bermuda Atlantic Time-Series Study (BATS) site, the field observations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics indicate that seasonally produced "semilabile" DOC is resistant to rapid microbial degradation in the surface waters but available for microbial remineralization once it is delivered into the mesopelagic zone after convective overtum. In this study, we employed an experimenta...

Soil organic matter is an important source of allochthonous dissolved organic matter inputs to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta waterways, which is a drinking water source for 22 million people in California, USA. Knowledge of trihalomethane (THM) formation potential of soil-derived organic carbon is important for developing effective strategies for organic carbon removal in drinking water trea...

This study aimed to investigate TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of synthetically-prepared greywater samples with differing compositional contents of organic matter (OM), anion concentration, and microbiological consortium. Treatment efficiency was followed through removal of organic matter content in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific spectroscopic parameters, and bacterial inact...