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There is strong evidence indicating that excess adiposity negatively impacts immune function and host defence in obese individuals. This is a review of research findings concerning the impact of obesity on the immune response to infection, including a discussion of possible mechanisms. Obesity is characterised by a state of low-grade, chronic inflammation in addition to disturbed levels of circ...

The effect of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on vegetable crops and soil properties in the radish-stem amaranth-Indian spinach cropping pattern was studied in a homestead area of Gazipur district in Bangladesh. There were eight treatments poultry manure (PM) 5 t ha (T1), cowdung (CD) 10 t ha -1 (T2), household waste (HW) 10 t ha -1 (T3), PM 2.5 t ha -1 + reduced RDF (recommended dose o...

in order to improve the efficiency of irrigation systems and investigate their impact on the pest population levels, furrow and sprinkler irrigation systems were compared in sugar beet fields. in this study, three different fields were chosen and irrigated by one of the furrow, classic and center pivot irrigation systems.  in each field, 20 plots were randomly selected of which 10 plots were ma...

In vitro studies have suggested that tolerance induction (i.e., anergy) is associated with an inability of T cells to proliferate vigorously upon Ag recognition. In vivo, the relationship between T cell proliferation and tolerance induction is less clear. To clarify this issue, we have been studying a model system in which naive CD4+ T cells specific for the model Ag hemagluttinin (HA) are adop...

background: atp-binding cassette transporter a1 (abca1) is a membrane integral protein which plays a vital role in high density lipoprotein (hdl) metabolism and exerts a protective effect against hypoalphalipoproteinemia (ha) by mediation of rate-limiting step in hdl biogenesis. in addition, this protein possesses anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of some inflammatory cytok...

Immune tolerance to self-antigens is established during lymphocyte differentiation in the thymus, but a simple means to induce antigen-specific tolerance in the thymus is still elusive. We show here that intrathymic injection of a lentiviral vector expressing the hemagglutinin antigen (HA) in TCR-HA transgenic mice resulted in negative selection of HA-specific effector T cells and sustained pos...

Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas and a major agent of climate change. This study quantified carbon (C) emissions from energy consumption and C storage and uptake by greenspace for three cities in middle Korea: Chuncheon, Kangleung, and Seoul. Carbon emissions were estimated using C emission coefficients for fossil fuels consumed. Carbon storage and uptake by woody plants were compu...

Since HA-1-specific T cells have been shown to make a significant contribution to the clinical responses in patients with relapsed leukemia, we investigated the feasibility of adoptive transfer of in vitro induced HA-1-specific CD8 positive T cells to patients with relapsed leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The in vitro generation of clinical grade HA-1-specific T-cell lines ...

Targeting of antigens to immature dendritic cells has been shown to result in antigen-specific T-cell tolerance in vivo. In the INS-HA/TCR-HA transgenic mouse model for type 1 diabetes, we tested the potential of the dendritic cell-specific monoclonal antibody DEC-205 conjugated to the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen (DEC-HA) to prevent disease onset. Whereas untreated INS-HA/TCR-HA mice all develop...