Selective permeability in voltage-gated Ca 2 1 channels is dependent upon a quartet of pore-localized glutamate residues (EEEE locus). The EEEE locus is widely believed to comprise the sole high-affinity Ca 2 1 binding site in the pore, which represents an overturning of earlier models that had postulated two high-affinity Ca 2 1 binding sites. The current view is based on site-directed mutagen...

Abstract Sixty-six accessions of Musa genus with different genomic groups that consisted wild relatives and cultivated lines were obtained from the International Transit Center, Belgium, for DNA extraction using Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide method, followed by amplification Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers genetic diversity population assessment. A total 421 alleles major al...

Abstract Introgression of desirable traits from wild relatives plays an important role in crop improvement, as species have characters such high resistance to pests and pathogens. However, use peanut is challenging because almost all are diploid sexually incompatible with cultivated peanut, which tetraploid (AABB genome type; 2 n = 4x 40). To overcome the ploidy barrier, we used make a same all...

Low female fertility in bananas is the biggest hurdle for banana breeding. The aim of this study was to determine seed set patterns East African Highland Cooking (EAHBs) inform future decisions on a more targeted approach increasing and subsequently banana-breeding efficiency. Matooke (AAA) Mchare (AA) are genetically distinct but belong same genetic complex, referred as EAHBs. Seed “Enzirabahi...

Using in vivo fidelity assays in which bacterial beta-galactosidase or green fluorescent protein genes served as reporters of mutations, we have identified a murine leukemia virus (MLV) RNase H mutant (Y586F) that exhibited an increase in the retroviral mutation rate approximately 5-fold in a single replication cycle. DNA-sequencing analysis indicated that the Y586F mutation increased the frequ...

CD28 is a major T cell costimulatory molecule, delivering signals distinct from those of the CD3/TCR complex, which regulate cytokine and cytokine receptor expression, cell proliferation, and cell viability. CD28 needs to be cross-linked to initiate signals, yet both of its ligands, CD80 and CD86, are expressed as monomers. Previously, we determined the cytoplasmic tail of CD80 is required for ...

HD 98800 is a young ($\sim10$ Myr old) and nearby ($\sim45$ pc) quadruple system, composed of two spectroscopic binaries orbiting around each other (AaAb BaBb), with gas-rich disk in polar configuration BaBb. While the orbital parameters BaBb AB are relatively well constrained, this not case for AaAb. A full characterisation system can provide insights on formation such complex system. The goal...

Current treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) requires an intravenous infusion (1.5-3 h) because the clearance of tPA from the circulation is rapid (t 1/2 approximately 6 min). We have developed a tPA variant, T103N,N117Q, KHRR(296-299)AAAA (TNK-tPA) that has substantially slower in vivo clearance (1.9 vs. 16.1 ml per min per kg for tPA in rabbits) and near-normal fibrin binding and...

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP1-42) is a potent glucose-lowering intestinal peptide hormone. The equipotent GIP1-30NH2 was structurally modified by linking N- and C-terminal fragments with several different linkers. Substitution of the middle region of GIP by a flexible aminohexanoic linker resulted in greatly reduced binding affinity and reduction or complete loss of bioacti...