Leptin increases sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in brown adipose tissue and renal nerves. Experiments described here tested whether SNS innervation is required for peripheral, physiological concentrations of leptin to reduce body fat. In experiment 1, one epididymal (EPI) fat pad was sympathectomized by local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) in C57BL/6 mice that were then infus...

familial amyloid polyneuropathy (fap) type iv (finnish) is a rare clinical entity with challenging neuropathy and cosmetic deficits. amyloidosis can affect peripheral sensory, motor, or autonomic nerves. nerve lesions are induced by deposits of amyloid fibrils and treatment approaches for neuropathy are challenging. involvement of cranial nerves and atrophy in facial muscles is a real concern i...

OBJECTIVE To validate the hypothesis that fat tissue accumulation adjacent to the upper airway contributes to a predisposition to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), irrespective of body mass index (BMI), as well as investigate the effect of the volume of fat tissue on pharyngeal mechanical loads. METHODS Fourteen subjects and 14 controls were enrolled in this study. Pharyngeal anatomy (the fat t...

INTRODUCTION Peripheral arterial disease(PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) are two important underdiagnosed vascular pathologies. As they share common risk factors with coronary arterial disease, we conducted a study to look at their prevalence among patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ACS admitted to Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Malaysia, from F...

Obesity and dysfunctional energy partitioning can lead to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The antidiabetic thiazolidinediones shift the energy balance toward storage, leading to an increase in whole-body adiposity. These studies examine the effects of pioglitazone (Pio) on adipose tissue physiology, accumulation, and distribution in female Zucker (fa/fa) rats. Pio tre...

An isolated fat pad sign (i.e. joint effusion without a visible fracture), commonly seen in acute elbow injury, is associated with occult fracture and treated as such. However, the clinical relevance of an isolated fat pad is unclear, thereby questioning the need for specialized follow-up. In this study, 111 patients (median age 15 years, interquartile range 9-27 years) with an isolated fat pad...

In order to determine: (1) whether there is a growth-regulating interaction between the mammary fat pad and mammary epithelium; (2) whether this interaction could be modified by dietary fats; and (3) whether these effects could be demonstrated in vitro, the following experiments were performed. Virgin Balb/c mice had the left inguinal mammary fat pad cleared of epithelium and were then maintain...

BACKGROUND Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow may exist in a dormant state for extended periods of time, maintaining the ability to proliferate upon activation, engraft at new sites, and form detectable metastases. However, understanding of the behavior and biology of dormant breast cancer cells in the bone marrow niche remains limited, as well as their potential involvement in ...