In nature plants are often simultaneously challenged by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Although the mechanisms underlying plant responses against single stress have been studied considerably, plant tolerance mechanisms under combined stress is not understood. Also, the mechanism used to combat independently and sequentially occurring many number of biotic and abiotic stresses has also n...

A process whereby a cell communicates and responses to external stimuli to alter plant growth, development, physiology and morphology is known as signal transduction. The integration of various signaling information and activities is important to generate a final response to the external stimuli. Protein kinases of protein phosphorylation are implicated in different signal transduction pathways...

Increasing demand for natural rubber (NR) calls for an increase in latex yield and also an extension of rubber plantations in marginal zones. Both harvesting and abiotic stresses lead to tapping panel dryness through the production of reactive oxygen species. Many microRNAs regulated during abiotic stress modulate growth and development. The objective of this paper was to study the regulation o...

To further increase our understanding of responses in potato to abiotic stress and the potato transcriptome in general, we generated 20 756 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a cDNA library constructed by pooling mRNA from heat-, cold-, salt-, and drought-stressed potato leaves and roots. These ESTs were clustered and assembled into a collection of 5240 unique sequences with 3344 contigs and 1...

the objective of this research is to identify arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding acid phosphatases induced by phosphate starvation. multiple alignments of eukaryotic acid phosphatase amino acid sequences led to the classification of these proteins into four groups including purple acid phosphatases (paps). specific primers were degenerated and designed based on conserved sequences of paps isol...

Global warming is an alarming problem in agriculture and its effect on yield loss has been estimated to be five per cent for every degree centigrade rise in temperature. Plants exhibit multiple mechanisms like optimizing signaling pathway, involvement of secondary messengers, production of biomolecules specifically in response to stress, modulation of various metabolic networks in accordance wi...

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), an environmental friendly and economic fiber crop, has a certain tolerance to abiotic stresses. Identification of reliable reference genes for transcript normalization of stress responsive genes expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is important for exploring the molecular mechanisms of plants response to abiotic stresses. In this study, nine candida...

Numerous stresses caused by complex environmental conditions, e.g., drought, heat, cold, salinity, strong light, UV, and heavy metals, negatively affect plant growth and lead to substantial crop losses worldwide. It is estimated that up to 50–70% of declines in crop productivity can be attributed to abiotic stress (Mittler, 2006). Abiotic stress, particularly drought and extreme temperatures, w...