One of the most difficult and perplexing tenets of classical theism is the doctrine of divine simplicity. Broadly put, this is generally understood to be the thesis that God is altogether without any proper parts, composition, or metaphysical complexity whatsoever. For a good deal more than a millennium, veritable armies ofphilosophical theologians Jewish, Christian and Islamic proclaimed the t...

According to the Consequence Argument, the truth of determinism plus other plausible principles would yield the conclusion that we have no free will. In this paper I will argue that the conception of determinism typically employed in the various versions of the Consequence Argument is not plausible. In particular, I will argue that, taken most straightforwardly, determinism as defined in the Co...

In past centuries, the evidence for God's existence seemed direct because a spiritual being was the only way to make sense of our world in its exquisite detail, beauty, and purpose. For uncountable millennia, it seemed obvious that the rising sun required a God to pull it across the sky. Springtime buds and flowers somehow had the spirit of an all-powerful God, who controlled the entire world a...

Standard analyses of omniscience are advanced in terms of a being's knowing the truth value of propositions. For example, Kenny writes that 'The doctrine of omni-science is easy to formulate precisely: it is the doctrine that for all p, then God knows that p.1 Richard Swinburne proposes that 'To say of a person P that he is omniscient at time t is to say that at t P knows of every true proposit...

in his discourses concerning perception of universals, mullā ṣadrā has brought up various issues. on one hand, he says that in sensory and imaginative perceptions, the soul (nafs) is the originator and creator of images and then with its substantial and ontogenetic motion it achieves its higher level of perception, i.e. rational perception, unites with the rational non-material substance named ...