An accurate, simple, reproducible and sensitive method for the determination of Paracetamol and Codeine phosphate was developed and validated. Paracetamol and Codeine were separated by HPLC using a LiChrospher® RP-18 column and isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Mixture of Acetonitile with Buffer solution (pH=2.5) (15:85) was used as mobile phase. The detection was at 210 nm wave...

INTRODUCTION: Post-operative pain control in pediatric patients has become a priority for all institutions. There is a paucity of literature on pain control following orthopedic procedures in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of acetaminophen to narcotic analgesics, specifically, acetaminophen/codeine and morphine, for pain management after closed re...

Rhesus monkeys were trained to respond under a variable interval 2 min schedule for codeine or ethanol injections. Both codeine and ethanol were effective in the initiation of variable-interval responding; responding was maintained over a range of codeine (0.003-1.0 mg/kg/injection) and ethanol doses (32.0-560 mg/kg/injection). Maximum rates of responding were obtained at the 0.01 mg/kg/injecti...

BACKGROUND Drug provocation testing should be performed before safely prescribing an analgesic for patients that are hypersensitive to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Whether or not the direct histamine releasing effect of codeine renders it useful in NSAID-hypersensitive patients is unknown. This study aimed to determine if codeine could be recommended as a safe treatment optio...

OBJECTIVES To identify consumer information needs about paracetamol, the most commonly used analgesic and antipyretic worldwide. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of medicines questions from the public. SETTING Australian consumer medicines call centre. PARTICIPANTS Callers to National Prescribing Service Medicines Line between September 2002 and June 2010 (n=123 217). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES...

BACKGROUND Meta-analysis usually restricts the information pooled, for instance using only randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. This neglects other types of high quality information. This review explores using different information for the combination of paracetamol 1000 mg and codeine 60 mg in acute postoperative pain. RESULTS Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled tria...

BACKGROUND In 2009, the European Medicines Agency recommended withdrawal of dextropropoxyphene (DXP); in March 2011 it was withdrawn from the market in France. Up until that time the combination dextropropoxyphene-paracetamol (DXP/PC) was widely used for analgesia. At withdrawal, French regulators recommended that DXP/PC be replaced by other step 2 analgesics, i.e. tramadol, codeine, or opium-c...

The current study aimed to ascertain the impact of acute codeine dose (0.50 and 1 ml/ 250g), on histolopathological profile liver kidney in male rats. A synthetic antispasmodic substance with comparatively low toxicity is opioid derivatives (Codeine), In present results found that normal histological structure, except Some minor changes were shown control group (antihistamine syrup, which does ...

The authors report the case of a suicide pact of two men (22 and 24 years old), which exhibits extraordinary circumstances concerning the personal profile and the suicide procedures. Both had a psychiatric history and were found dead near their severely damaged car, with gaggs in their mouth and a rope tightened around the neck and fixed to the car. Extra gas cans had also been placed in the ca...

There is good evidence supporting the efficacy of standard doses of aspirin, paracetamol, ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac, all of which are available as over-the-counter (OTC) medicines in some part of the world. There is no good evidence for most branded combination products, though it is likely that additional analgesic effect is produced by codeine. Combinations of ibuprofen and paraceta...