Group 2 coronaviruses are characterized within the order Nidovirales by a unique genome organization. A characteristic feature of group 2 coronaviruses is the presence of a gene encoding the haemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein, which is absent in coronaviruses of groups 1 and 3. At least three coronavirus strains within group 2 expressed a structural protein with sialate-4-O-acetylesterase act...

BACKGROUND In industries lipolytic reactions occur in insensitive conditions such as high temperature thus novel stout esterases with unique properties are attracts to the industrial application. Protein engineering is the tool to obtain desirable characters of enzymes. A novel esterase gene was isolated from South China Sea and subjected to a random mutagenesis and site directed mutagenesis fo...

The electrophoretic banding pattern of esterase isozymes were examined in eighteen different tissues of Nile tilapia after staining with α and β naphthyl acetate as substrate. The tissues were anterior-, mid-, tailmuscle (ventral and tip region), buccal muscle, stomach, fore-, mid-, hind-gut, liver, gill, heart, kidney, eye (lens), eye (iris), fore-, midand hindbrain. Altogether five bands name...

It was shown in the preceding paper that incubation of the rabbit polymorphonuclearleukocyteswith phosphonate esters leads to an irreversible inhibition of the ability of the leukocyte to respond to the chemotactic factor. This "cell-dependent inhibition" was attributed to the inactivation by the phosphonates of an esterase existing in or on the leukocyte in an already activated state. As shown...

This study used esterases and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) markers to determine endophytic variability in order to better understand endophyte-host interactions. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and esterase isoenzymes (EST; EC 3.1.1.3), with α-naphthyl acetate and β-naphthyl acetate as substrates, were used to assess relationships among endophytes. ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequencing data were used as rDNA ma...

BACKGROUND Acetylation of the xylan backbone was a major obstacle to enzymatic decomposition. Removal of acetyl groups by acetyl xylan esterases (AXEs) is essential for completely enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan. Appended carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) can promote the enzymatic deconstruction of plant cell walls by targeting and proximity effects. Fungal acetyl xylan esterases are strictly a...

A 1,067-bp cDNA, designated axeA, coding for an acetyl xylan esterase (AxeA) was cloned from the anaerobic rumen fungus Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2. The gene had an open reading frame of 939 bp encoding a polypeptide of 313 amino acid residues with a calculated mass of 34,845 Da. An active esterase using the original start codon of the cDNA was synthesized in Escherichia coli. Two active forms ...

Complete biodegradation of the surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) is accomplished by complex bacterial communities in two steps. First, all LAS congeners are degraded into about 50 sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPC), one of which is 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C(4)-SPC). Second, these SPCs are mineralized. 3-C(4)-SPC is mineralized by Comamonas testosteroni KF-1 in a process involving 4-...

As shown previously, immune complexes engender in rabbit serum a factor capable of inducing chemotaxis of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This chemotactic factor consists of a complex of the fifth, sixth, and seventh components of complement. As demonstrated here, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with such treated rabbit serum lose their ability to respond chemotactically to the ...