We calculate the penetration depth λ in the a, b and c directions for a simple model of YBa2Cu3O7. In this model there are two layers—representing a CuO2 plane and a CuO chain—per unit cell. There is a BCS–like pairing (both s wave and d wave are considered) interaction localised in the CuO2 planes. The CuO chains become superconducting at temperatures lower than Tc because of their proximity t...

The paper presents a hybrid model of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) for modeling of a hybrid laser welding process. This model is employed for the prediction and optimization of penetration depth with corresponding process parameters. A single program developed for the purpose initially establishes an optimized ANN architecture using a Back-Propagation Neural Netw...

Background Integrated proton therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the applied magnetic field for imaging, influences the protons path, changes the penetration depth and deflects the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Objective To determine the effects ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liquid embolic agents are increasingly gaining importance in the embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Currently, the most commonly used agent is N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). Various NBCA mixtures, arterial hypotension, and Valsalva maneuver (increased positive end-expiratory pressure) during the injection of the acrylate have been used to addres...

Recent measurements of the superconducting penetration depth in Ba(Fe1 xCox)2As2 appeared to disagree on the magnitude and curvature of Dkab(T), even near optimal doping. These measurements were carried out on different samples grown by different groups. To understand the discrepancy, we use scanning SQUID susceptometry and a tunnel diode resonator to measure the penetration depth in a single s...

Ion beam diagnostics are routinely used for quantitative analysis of the surface composition of mixture materials up to a depth of a few m. Unfortunately , advantageous properties of the diagnostics, like high depth resolution in combination with a large penetration depth, no destruction of the surface, high sensitivity for large as well as for small atomic numbers, and high sensitivity are mut...

We suggest approximate penetration models for rigid body penetration that take into account sliding velocity (SV) and pressure dependence of the friction coefficient (FC). It is showed that introducing variable FC in a localized interaction model (LIM) yields a model that belongs to the class of LIM. We developed a general method for determining the depth of penetration (DOP) using the piecewis...

We have measured the temperature dependence of the microwave surface impedance Zs5Rs1ivm0l of two c-axis oriented MgB2 films employing dielectric resonator techniques. The temperature dependence of the magnetic-field penetration depth l determined by a sapphire dielectric resonator at 17.9 GHz can be well fitted from 5 K close to Tc by the standard BCS integral expression assuming the reduced e...

Temporal focusing is a technique for performing axially resolved widefield multiphoton microscopy with a large field of view. Despite significant advantages over conventional point-scanning multiphoton microscopy in terms of imaging speed, the need to collect the whole image simultaneously means that it is expected to achieve a lower penetration depth in common biological samples compared to po...