background: in previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. this study used ici 182,780, a non-selective estrogen receptor antagonist, to test the hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of 17&beta-estradiol; in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the estrogen receptors. methods: the ovariectomized rats were divided in...

In previous studies, the neuroprotective effect of progestrone in diffuse traumatic brain injury has been shown. This study used mifepristone (RU-486), a potent progesterone receptor antagonist, to evaluatethe hypothesis that the neuroprotective effect of progesterone in traumatic brain injury is mediated by the progesterone receptors. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 6 groups. Brain i...

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a major public health problem in Massachusetts (Hackman et al, 2014) and includes traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, ABI-related infectious diseases, metabolic disorders affecting the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and brain tumor. Advances in emergency medical care and neurosurgery mean that more people are surviving severe traumatic brain inj...

a common pathological process that occurred after brain injury is gliosis. gliosis involves the activation of glial cells to proliferate and become hypertrophic to occupy the injured brain areas. in order to form a defense system against the invasion of micro-organisms and cytotoxins into surrounding tissue, glial cells including astrocytes and microglia undergo reactive response to injury. neu...

Spinal Cord Injury .........................................1-3 Implementation Of The Year 2000 AgeAdjustment Standard ....................................4-6 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating types of trauma. Disability, loss of productivity, extreme use of medical resources, and untold human suffering routinely accompany these injuries. In order to assess the need for s...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of tremor resulting from acquired brain injury (ABI). METHODS A series of eight consecutive patients with post-ABI tremor were treated with DBS of the ventro-oralis posterior (VOP)/zona incerta (ZI) region, and subsequently underwent blinded assessments using Bain's tremor severity scale. RESULTS VOP/ZI DBS...

Purpose Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is used increasingly for individuals with psychological distress following acquired brain injury (ABI) in different countries. However, questionnaires measuring ACT-processes are often not validated this patient group need cross-cultural validation. This study investigated the psychometric properties of Action Questionnaire Acquired Brain Injury (...

conceptually traumatic brain injury (tbi) can be classified from a mechanistic perspective as: 1) closed, 2) penetrating, 3) blast, and 4) crush injuries. thus, tbi is a heterogeneous disease and each type of brain injury has different characteristic features often necessitating different approaches to management. the first edition of the guidelines for management and prognosis of penetrating b...

brain injury has a multiple pathophysiology for which there is no definite treatment. in this regard, tissue engineering is one of the probable strategies for repair of damaged tissue. but creating a proper model for testing the engineered products faced some difficulties, specially, when we want to evaluate the effects of a product on the volume of injury. the current brain injury methods coul...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) initiates a cascade of numerous pathophysiological events that evolve over time. despite the complexity of tbi, research aimed at therapy development has almost exclusively focused on single therapies, all of which have failed in multicenter clinical trials. a variety of brain insults, including traumatic brain injury, encephalitis, stroke, and status epilepticus (s...