In mammals, the roles of liver and skeletal muscle glycogen in adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia are well known. However, amphibians, there is limited information on relative contribution hyperglycaemia. This study investigated effects adrenaline blood glucose, plasma lactate, liverand role adrenergic receptors common African toad, bufo regularis. One hundred twenty-five adult toads (70-100g) b...

Objective: Valeriana (V) wallichii DC is found among the ground flora of Himalayan regions and used as herbal medicine for CNS disorders in Indian systems medicine. In study, aimed to investigation involvement neuro-chemical-systems V. induced antidepressant effects mice.
 Methods: The activity aqueous alcoholic extracts was measured by using Forced Swim Test Tail Suspension mice, whereas ...

C ongestive heart failure is associated with pronounced alterations in adrenergic nervous system function. Levels of myocardial norepinephrine are decreased, as first reported in 1963,1 a phenomenon later found to be associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activation and high levels of circulating plasma catecholamines2 in combination with abnormalities in neural reuptake of norepi...

Clonidine (Catapres, Catapresan), guanfacine (Estulic), and methyldopa (Aldomet) are the prototypes of centrally acting antihypertensive drugs. Clonidine and guanfacine are lipophilic drugs that readily penetrate into the brain, where they stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors in the pontomedullary region. The stimulation of these central alpha-adrenergic receptors has been shown to activate an ...

The nature of beta adrenergic receptors in human cerebral arteries was characterized and alteration of these receptors after subarachnoid hemorrhage was examined using a radioligand binding assay. The specific 3H-dihydroalprenolol, a beta adrenergic antagonist, binding to human cerebral arteries was saturable and of high affinity (KD = 12.3 nM) with a Bmax of 790 fmol/mg protein. Ki values and ...

BACKGROUND Mammalian receptors that couple to effectors via heterotrimeric G proteins (e.g., beta 2-adrenergic receptors) and receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity (e.g., insulin and IGF-I receptors) constitute the proximal points of two dominant cell signaling pathways. Receptors coupled to G proteins can be substrates for tyrosine kinases, integrating signals from both pathways. Y...

Crocin, a component of saffron, showed hypotensive which is perhaps due to vascular smooth muscle relaxant effect. The relaxant effects of saffron on tracheal smooth muscle also could be due to its constituent, crocin. In the present study, the relaxant effects of crocin and its possible mechanisms on rat tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. The relaxant effects of three cumulative concent...

The nuclear receptors “NR4As” productive pathway is the so important pathways for activating classic estrogen and are regulating adopted cellular anti-inflammatory growth(mediated by glucocorticoids, Nrf2, Ang2-AT2, VEGF-A synthesis) which considered as basic B-arrestins synthesis adopt B Adrenergic, Nrf2 synthesis, that strong activator to ACE functions promoting Ang2-AT2 running growth heme o...

Previous reports have suggested that smooth muscle obtained from the thoracic aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats is less responsive to vasoconstrictive agents than that obtained from normotensive rats. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the responsiveness of aortic muscles from normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats correlates with a difference in the affinity...