Plant powders prepared from five plant species were tested under constant conditions at 30 ± 2°C and 60 65% r. h. for their ability to protect sorghum grains against Sitophilus zeamais in storage. Doses at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0g and 0.12g of the check (permethrin (0.6%) were applied for assessments of adult mortality, emergence and damage. Leaf powders of E. balsamifera, J. curcas and L. inermis gav...

A prototype autodissemination station to topically contaminate oviposition-seeking container-dwelling mosquitoes with the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, was developed and tested in the laboratory. Our test subject was the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), an urban species that colonizes small-volume cryptic larval habitats and is a skip ovipositor that...

Ecological immunity studies in invertebrates, particularly insects, have generated new insights into trade-offs between immune functions and other physiological parameters. These studies document physiologically directed reallocations of immune costs to other high-cost areas of physiology. Immunosenescence, recognized as the age-related deterioration of immune functions, is another mechanism of...

The ability of weeds to survive over time is highly dependent on an ecological strategy that ensures a high level viable seed remains in the soil. Seed bank persistence occurs because specific characteristics dormancy and longevity hypoxic microenvironment, which surrounds buried seeds. These experiments investigate role soil texture, burial depth, weight dynamics. Seeds twelve weed species are...

Gamma oscillations have long been considered to emerge late in development. However, recent studies have revealed that gamma oscillations are transiently expressed in the rat barrel cortex during the first postnatal week, a ‘‘critical’’ period of sensory-dependent barrel map formation. The mechanisms underlying the generation and physiological roles of early gamma oscillations (EGOs) in the dev...

Three laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the side-effects of four common herbicides used to control weeds associated with local crops on egg of the parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens. These herbicides are Glyphosate 48%SL, Bromoxynil 24%EC, Thiobencarb 50% and Clodinafop-propargyl 15%WP. The biological aspects such% parasitism, % adult emergence, sex ratio, developmental period a...

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