A computational analysis of an annular converging-diverging (CD) and an altitude adaptive expansion-deflection (ED) nozzle is presented. Numerical results were generated using a 2D axisymmetric, pressure-coupled solver in conjunction with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence closure model and second order spatial discretisation schemes. Results were recorded over a theoretical altitude range and com...

This paper presents the design and characterization of micro-fabricated 0.5 MHz silicon-based ultrasonic nozzles. Each nozzle is made of a piezoelectric drive section and a silicon-resonator consisting of five Fourier horns, each with half wavelength design and twice amplitude magnification. Results of impedance analysis and measurement of longitudinal vibration confirmed the simulation results...

A nozzle conŽ guration for the production of an intense and collimated supersonic cluster beam is presented and characterized by numerical modeling. A simple lens added to a cylindrical nozzle exploits aerodynamic focusing effects. The effect of the focalizing nozzle is an enrichment of the core of the jet with clusters of an arbitrary size interval depending on carrier gas pressure and tempera...

In a continuing effort to study the mixing enhancement by large-scale streamwise vortices generated by a lobed nozzle, a high-resolution stereoscopic particle image velocimetry ~PIV! system was used in the present study to conduct three-dimensional measurements of air jet flows exhausted from a lobed nozzle and a conventional circular nozzle. The three-dimensional instantaneous and ensemble-ave...

BACKGROUND In combined proton-carbon fixed-nozzle treatment facilities with raster scanning delivery, the scattering of proton pencil beams caused by nozzle elements and the relatively large nozzle-to-isocenter distance cause a beam broadening. This may pose limitations to the achievable dose conformity. One way to counteract this effect is by delivering the treatment in a position closer to th...

Numerical studies have been carried out using a validated two-dimensional RNG k-epsilon turbulence model for the design optimization of a thrust vector control system using shock induced supersonic secondary jet. Parametric analytical studies have been carried out with various secondary jets at different divergent locations, jet interaction angles, jet pressures. The results from the parametric...

This work aims to study the characteristics of multi-nozzle spray cooling using CFD method based on the fundamentals of air flow and liquid droplet collision dynamics. A mathematical model for the two-phase flow was presented. The simulations were performed using a EulerianeLagrangian approach. Focus was placed on revealing the flow behavior with multiple nozzles, the droplet trajectory, and th...

In an attempt to detect the influence of various kinds of face masks and a nasal nozzle on nasal airflow, we made measurements of nasal resistance by a head-out body plethysmograph with or without the masks on the face or the nozzle to the nostril of the normal adult subjects. The mean values of nasal resistance with the masks differed from the mean values without the masks significantly. No si...

Cyanobacteria and myxobacteria use slime secretion for gliding motility over surfaces. The slime is produced by the nozzle-like pores located on the bacteria surface. To understand the mechanism of gliding motion and its relation to slime polymerization, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations of a molecular nozzle with growing inside polymer chains. These simulations show that the com...

Example 1: Fuel Injector Nozzle Diameters Problem A manufacturer of fuel injector nozzles installs a new digital measuring system. Investigators want to determine how well the new system measures the nozzles. Data set Nozzle.MPJ Description Variable Fuel injector nozzle measured Nozzle Data collection Technicians randomly sample, across all major sources of process variation (machine, time, shi...