Since the overthrow of the Taliban in 2001, there has been an overall increase in illicit opium production in Afghanistan and mounting human losses. The United Nations has attributed 1 million human deaths to Afghan opiates over the past decade. As the war in Afghanistan nears a crucial mark, the NATO coalition forces and Afghan people can no longer afford the same ineffective counternarcotics ...

BACKGROUND Fathers of refugee background are dealing with multiple, interrelated stressors associated with forced migration and establishing their lives in a new country. This has implications for the role of men in promoting the health and well-being of their families. METHODS Afghan community researchers conducted interviews with 30 Afghan women and men who had recently had a baby in Austra...

It is more than 30 years that Afghan people immigrate to Iran. This paper aims to find out the educational challenges Afghan High School students face in Iranian schools based on English teachers’ perspectives in Tehran province. This research is qualitative and its kind is deductive. Based on the theoretical foundations of migration, relevant studies, especially the research of Sadegh Mousavi ...

Military personnel experiencing combat in Iraq and Afghanistan are suffering wounds that are much greater in number and variety than those endured by veterans of earlier wars. This circumstance is due, in part, to advances in medical science and technology. Soldiers, sailors and marines who suffered such severe wounds in earlier wars simply died because they were beyond the reach of then contem...

Malaria control among nomadic populations has, in the past, posed serious logistic difficulties. Presented in this article are the results of a pilot study in which permethrin was sprayed on the tents of over 26000 nomadic Afghan refugees in an area of Pakistan where seasonal malaria outbreaks occur. In this area Anopheles culicifacies and A. stephensi are the malaria vectors. Population survey...

BACKGROUND Due to a paucity of research on the profile of kidney diseases among refugee populations, specifically Afghan refugees in Iran, this study aimed to illustrate the pattern of kidney disease among Afghan refugees in Iran and create a database for evaluating the performance of future health services. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective cross sectional study, in which we coll...

PROBLEM Afghan women have one of the world's highest lifetime risks of maternal death. Years of conflict have devastated the country's health infrastructure. Total fertility was one of the world's highest, contraceptive use was low and there were no Afghan models of success for family planning. APPROACH We worked closely with communities, providing information about the safety and non-harmful...

Introduction: Although income is among the major social determinants of mental health of middle-aged and older individuals, socially marginalized groups gain less health from their income and other socioeconomic status (SES) resources compared to socially privileged groups. This pattern is called marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs). Most of the existing knowledge ...