In the modern advertising agency selection contest, each participating agency specifies not only its proposed creative campaign but also the budget required to purchase the agreed-on media. The advertiser selects the agency that offers the best combination of creative quality and media cost, similar to conducting a score auction. To participate in the contest, each agency needs to incur an up-f...

This paper explores the leverage determinants across firms’ sizesbased on the two main theories behind the capital structure, the trade-offand the pecking order theories. A panel data is sued to find therelationship between capital structure and the variables that proxy forbenefits and costs of debt during 1990 to 2006. Our findings show thatboth principles help to explain the capital structure...

An integrated life-cycle assessment and life-cycle cost analysis model was developed and applied to enhance the sustainability of concrete bridge infrastructure. The objective of this model is to compare alternative bridge deck designs from a sustainability perspective that accounts for total life-cycle costs including agency, user, and environmental costs. A conventional concrete bridge deck a...

In the modern advertising agency selection contest, each participating agency specifies not only its proposed creative campaign, but also the budget required to purchase the agreedupon media. The advertiser selects the agency that offers the best combination of creative quality and media cost. To participate in the contest, each agency needs to incur an upfront bidpreparation cost arising from ...

New panel data from India are used to examine the relationship between farm size and productivity based on a model incorporating agency costs favoring family workers, scaledependent returns to mechanization arising from the fact that a larger contiguous land area is better-suited for high-capacity machinery, and falling credit costs with owned land. The model provides guidance for imputing the ...