This paper exploits the significant positive response of the share of agricultural value added and GDP per capita growth to variations in the international prices for agricultural commodities and rainfall to construct instrumental variables estimates of the causal effect that changes in the size of the agricultural sector and GDP per capita growth have on the urbanization rate for a panel of 41...

T-2 toxin/HT-2 toxin (T-2/HT-2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are mycotoxins that can contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities. To protect consumers' health, indicative limits for T-2/HT-2 and maximum limits for OTA have been set by the European Commission, requiring food business operators and controlling agencies to conduct routine checks for the presence of these harmful contaminants. Scre...

Coffee is one of the most important agricultural commodities in the world and is grown in more than 50 countries throughout the tropics. Several insect pests have been reported in coffee, the most important being the coffee leaf miner, the coffee berry borer, and the coffee stem borers. The basic biology of these insects is discussed.

Duisenberg school of finance is a collaboration of the Dutch financial sector and universities, with the ambition to support innovative research and offer top quality academic education in core areas of finance. Abstract Energy and agricultural commodities and markets have been examined extensively, albeit separately, for a number of years. In the energy literature, the returns, volatility and ...

Strains of Fusarium moniliforme from different geographic areas and from corn and other substrates were tested for the ability to produce fumonisins in culture. The test results indicate that the potential exists for production of fumonisins by such strains in agricultural commodities and other substrates in widespread geographic areas.

Poland's market reforms implemented in 1990 should possibly result in increasing price linkages between Polish and internationally traded agricultural commodities like wheat. Using regression and cointegration analysis Polish monthly wheat prices were found to be generally unrelated to selected world prices over the period of 1990/91 through 1996/97 mainly because of Polish government's interve...

The USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) surveyed 16,000 agricultural producers in January 1995. Of 10,144 respondents nationwide, 58% reported wildlife-caused losses of their commodities, an increase from 55% in 1989. Based on the median value of all producers' estimates of their losses, wildlife-caused losses cost producers approximately $591 million in 1994, $130 million mor...

The overall goal of this paper is to examine the impacts of trade liberalization on China's agriculture, in general, and poverty, in particular. The impacts on agriculture are analyzed by commodity and by region. Because different farmers (especially those in different income brackets) produce diverse sets of commodities, themain part of our paper analyzes the effects on households and their im...

This study sets out to explore the impacts of Russian-Ukrainian conflict on worldwide financial markets by considering a large array national currencies, precious metals and fuel, agricultural commodities cryptocurrencies. Estimations span period since Russian invasion until takeover Ukrainian city Mariupol. Optimal portfolios are constructed for separate categories assets different levels risk...