Until recently, the four Social Security trust funds were, by law, kept completely separate, each having its own sources of revenue and paying benefits to specific groups of entitled persons. The original Social Security Act (Public Law 74-271, enacted on August 14, 1935) created the Old-Age Reserve Account, which was later renamed the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) Trust Fund. ...

T he United States is experiencing an unprecedented influx of unauthorized insurers selling phony health insurance.The last time this occurred, more than a decade ago, nearly 400,000 people were left with $123 million in unpaid medical bills. Unauthorized health insurance companies intentionally fail to comply with state and federal law regarding insurance regulation; they collect premiums for ...

At present, China is facing long-term serious employment pressure. The unemployment insurance system, as the most important institutional arrangement for workers to obtain employment, is one of the fundamental means to reduce unemployment. The key to easing employment tension is how to improve the construction of unemployment insurance system and achieve the effects of promoting employment. Thi...

agricultural insurance is one of the most important mechanisms to providing security for investment in agricultural and natural damage reduction. one of the modern types of insurance is weather index- based insurance that developed based on climatic parameters such as rainfall and temperature. the purpose of this study is to identifying the factors affecting wheat farmer's participation on...

We estimate the general-equilibrium labor market effects of a large-scale randomized intervention in which we designed and marketed a rainfall index insurance product across three states in India. Marketing agricultural insurance to both cultivators and to agricultural wage laborers allows us to test a general-equilibrium model of wage determination in settings where households supplying labor ...

I n terms of access to health care, workers who earn low wages are among the most vulnerable members of the American labor force. Of the 31 million workers in the United States who either work for businesses that do not offer health insurance or are not eligible for the company health plan, more than half earn less than $10 an hour. Although employees of small companies are particularly unlikel...

Introduction: The Current Status of Health Insurance Coverage I ncreasing the number of Americans with health insurance has been a recurrent focus of federal and state policymaking, and recent trends suggest that the issue continues to warrant legislative attention.The number of people without health insurance coverage in the United States increased in 2001, a reversal of two years of falling r...

How does agricultural insurance affect the modernization of farming in low income countries? We focus on institutional contexts without formal contract enforcement, where smallholders cannot access modern inputs via markets. Instead, farmers can engage relational contracting with traders to sell their crop and gain (as an advance in-kind payment). Although conventional theory assumes that “crow...

BACKGROUND Many countries striving to achieve universal health insurance coverage have done so by means of multiple health insurance funds covering different population groups. However, existence of multiple health insurance funds may also cause variation in access to health care, due to the differential revenue raising capacities and benefit packages offered by the various funds resulting in i...