Aerobic treatment has many advantages including: 1) minimum odor when properly loaded and maintained; 2) large biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removals providing a good quality effluent; 3) high rate treatment allowing smaller scale systems, e.g., less land required; 4) the final discharge may contain dissolved oxygen which reduces the immediate oxygen demand on a receiving water; and 5) the ae...

Most often, our waterways are being polluted by municipal, agricultural and industrial wastes. When this happens, much of the available dissolved oxygen is consumed by aerobic bacteria in decomposing the waste, thereby robbing other aquatic organisms of the oxygen they need to live. In this paper, we consider the solution of the optimal control problem for the modified Dissolve Oxygen(DO)/ Biol...

Xylanase production by a newly isolated Aspergillus niger SS7 was studied in submerged culture. The optimum initial pH for xylanase production was found to be 7.0. Different agricultural and industrial wastes were evaluated for their ability to induce xylanase production by this isolate. The best xylanase production (293.82 IU/ml) was recorded at 3% (w/v) corn cob hulls after 120 h of incubatio...

Lipases are the most versatile industrial enzymes and are known to bring about a range of bioconversion reactions. This compendium throws light on the developments in the field of fermentation of lipases and their scale up. Recently, interests have been shown on solid-state fermentation of lipases in order to facilitate the use of low cost agricultural wastes as substrates. Whole cell immobiliz...

With an ever increasing population rate; a vast array of biomass wastes rich in organic and inorganic nutrients as well as pathogenic microorganisms will result from the diversified human, industrial and agricultural activities. Anaerobic digestion is applauded as one of the best ways to properly handle and manage these wastes. Animal wastes have been recognized as suitable substrates for anaer...