Trade misinvoicing should be seen as an element of de facto capital account openness. Traditional explanations for trade misinvoicing—high custom duties and weak domestic economies—are less persuasive in a world of high growth emerging markets that have low trade barriers. We construct a 53-country data set over a 26 year span, covering both industrialized and developing countries, to study the...

To minimize the awful situation confronting entire globe, global warming danger has raised intensity of consciousness from all areas life. Therefore, research assesses impact CO2 emissions and energy use on economic performance considers trade openness, urbanization, agriculture in Indonesia utilizing data covering period 1965 to 2019. The current employed dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) a...

This paper analyzes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis to test the causality relationship between economic activity, trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in Mexico (1971-2011). The results achieved in this research show that there are three long-run relationships between production, trade openness, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The EKC hypothesis was not ...

Purpose – Since the 1960s, the affluent democracies have experienced substantial changes in earnings inequality at the same time as heightening economic globalization. This paper investigates the relationship between these two processes. Methodology/Approach – I use fixed-effects models, and comprehensive measures of globalization and earnings inequality to scrutinize the relationship between t...

9 7 8 9 2 2 1 2 6 8 1 2 3 IL O -U N C TA D S H A R E D H A R VE S TS : A gr ic ul tu re , Tr ad e, a nd E m pl oy m en t Agriculture employs more than a billion people in developing countries, representing 48 per cent of the developing-country labour force. This book analyses how agricultural trade affects labour markets in developing countries and in particular what it implies for the creation...

Does freer trade increase income inequality within countries, perhaps sufficiently to offset any benefits to the poor from higher overall per capita income? Figure 4 suggests that there is no simple association between changes in trade openness and changes in inequality. Certainly there are many well known cases of countries where inequality has risen as they became more integrated into the wor...

This study is an attempt to explore the impact of trade and financial openness on government size in the case of Pakistan. In doing so, we utilized FMOLS for cointegration and Ng-Perron for unit root estimation along with ECM for short run dynamics. Empirical results reveal that current government expenditures influence government size in future. Trade-openness is associated positively with the...

We construct a time-variant, price-based measure of trade distortions in 28 manufacturing industries for a large sample of countries over the last four decades, documenting facts consistent with the argument that changes in relative prices are an important channel through which an economy’s openness affects outcomes. First, we find that price distortions at the aggregate level are negatively as...

Attempts are made to provide a theoretical justification for using the gravity model in the analysis of bilateral trade and apply the generalized gravity model to analyse the Bangladesh’s trade with its major trading partners using the panel data estimation technique. We have estimated the gravity model of trade (sum of exports and imports), the gravity model of export and the gravity model of ...