from the time that civil engineers have used steel in building structures, they tried to increase its strength so as to produce more economic and lighter structures by using more elegant sections. increase of steel strength is not always useful for all members of a steel structure. in some members under certain conditions, it is needed to reduce the strength as much as possible to improve the b...

Being economical and performing well under cyclic loads, steel sections filled with concrete have been widely used in structural buildings. Extensive studies and experiments have been conducted to investigate the influence of different parameters and loadings on the behavior of these structural components. Based on the data available from previous experiments and studies, this paper discusses t...

The AISC Seismic Provisions and CSA S-16 Standard require a minimum moment of inertia for the vertical boundary elements (VBEs) in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) to avoid undesirable VBE behaviors. The equation limiting VBE flexibility has been derived from a flexibility factor, ωt, developed in plate girder theory and the limit on VBE flexibility has been empirically specified based on previo...

Being economical and performing well under cyclic loads, steel sections filled with concrete have been widely used in structural buildings. Extensive studies and experiments have been conducted to investigate the influence of different parameters and loadings on the behavior of these structural components. Based on the data available from previous experiments and studies, this paper discusses t...

It has been a growing trend to use cold-formed steel (CFS) sections as primary structural members in low multi-story buildings due their high strength-to-weight ratios, ease of construction and flexibility manufacturing variety cross-sectional shapes. However, CFS frames are not widely used seismic regions; one important reason is that the less redundant joints generally have ductility energy d...

In the study, weight efficiency of Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing (TFP) Isolators is investigated on optimal planar steel frames. For this investigation, an optimization program based Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm have been developed for study. design frames, structure should satisfy strength, inter-story drift, top-story drift and geometric requirements that are implemented from LRFD...

The paper focuses on the monitoring of an experimental stretch of road over a five year period in order to measure the effects of steel reinforcement on Asphalt Concrete (AC) pavement performance. The experimental stretch of road was constructed in 2001 alternating sections with and without steel reinforcement. This paper presents the results regarding the effects of steel reinforcement that we...

ABSTRACT: The paper presents the discrete dimension optimization of unbraced rigid steel plane frames. The optimization of steel frames was carried out by the Mixed-Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) approach. The MINLP is a combined discrete-continuous optimization technique. It performs the discrete optimization of discrete decisions simultaneously with the continuous optimization of cont...