Strategies to address resistance to platin drugs are greatly needed in human epithelial cancers (e.g., ovarian, head/neck, and lung) where platins are used widely and resistance occurs commonly. We found that upon DNp63a overexpression, AKT1 and phospho-AKT1 levels are upregulated in cancer cells. Investigations using gel-shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation and functional reporter assays impli...

Metastases are the major cause of melanoma-related mortality. Previous studies implicating aberrant AKT signaling in human melanoma metastases led us to evaluate the effect of activated AKT1 expression in non-metastatic BRAF(V600E)/Cdkn2a(Null) mouse melanomas in vivo. Expression of activated AKT1 resulted in highly metastatic melanomas with lung and brain metastases in 67% and 17% of our mice,...

Mitochondrial respiratory stress (also called mitochondrial retrograde signaling) activates a Ca(2+)/calcineurin-mediated signal that culminates in transcription activation/repression of a large number of nuclear genes. This signal is propagated through activation of the regulatory proteins NFκB c-Rel/p50, C/EBPδ, CREB, and NFAT. Additionally, the heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2) fu...

IFN-β is a critical antiviral cytokine that is capable of modulating the systemic immune response. The transcriptional induction of IFN-β is a highly regulated process, involving the activation of pattern recognition receptors and their downstream signaling pathways. The Akt family of serine/threonine kinases includes three isoforms. The specific role for the individual Akt isoforms in pattern ...

Background It is appreciated that aerobic endurance exercise can attenuate unfavorable myocardial remodeling post myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, little is known about the effects of increasing skeletal muscle mass, typically achieved through resistance training, on this process. Here, we utilized transgenic (TG) mice, that can induce the growth of functional skeletal muscle by switchi...

Potassium (K(+)) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Plants often adapt to low K(+) conditions by increasing their K(+) uptake capability. Recent studies have led to the identification of a calcium signaling pathway that enables plants to act in this capacity. Calcium is linked to two calcineurin B-like calcium sensors (CBLs) and a target kinase (CBL-interacting protein k...

AKT1 and AKT2 kinases have been shown to play opposite roles in breast cancer migration and invasion. In this study, an RNA interference screen for integrin activity inhibitors identified AKT1 as an inhibitor of β1-integrin activity in prostate cancer. Validation experiments investigating all three AKT isoforms demonstrated that, unlike in breast cancer, both AKT1 and AKT2 function as negative ...

BACKGROUND It is appreciated that aerobic endurance exercise can attenuate unfavorable myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction. In contrast, little is known about the effects of increasing skeletal muscle mass, typically achieved through resistance training, on this process. Here, we utilized transgenic (TG) mice that can induce the growth of functional skeletal muscle by switchin...

Protein kinase Akt1 is an important intracellular signaling protein involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. It is known that Akt1 regulates serotonin and dopamine neurotransmission, BDNF and NGF receptors transmission, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activity which makes possible a fact of involvement of Akt1 depression pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to ...

Abstract Background Ectopic expression of transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like 7 (TCEAL7) has been observed in several kinds cancers, but its role melanoma is still unclear. This study was carried out to investigate TCEAL7 progression, and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Methods levels tissues cells were determined by using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) western blotting. CCK-8,...