Astandout feature of the current generation of 67.8millionUS fathers1 is their involvement with their children. Time-diary studies have revealed that US fathers increased time spent on child care duties from 2.5 hours/ week in 1965 to 7 hours/week in 2000, an amount greater than fathers in Australia, Canada, France, Britain, andHolland.2 In 2006, 24%of 11.2million preschool-aged children whose ...

‘Hypertensive management and antihypertensive withdrawal – a perspective’ by Mangrulkar et al6 describes interesting findings f rom a survey o f hea l th -care professionals who are frequently associated with the management of hypertension. Through a welldefined questionnaire, the authors h a ve i n t e r v i e we d 8 0 d o c t o r s from Pune, India to understand the general practicing trends ...

Dear Editor, Post-mortem studies found increased levels of norepinephrine in the nucleus accumbens of pat ients with paranoid schizophrenia (SCZ). In chronic schizophrenic patients, the level of norepinephrine in the cerebrospinal fluid was increased. Medication-free relapsing patients also showed higher levels of norepinephrine and its metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid.1 The norepinephrin...

Our attention has been drawn to the June 1992 issue of HOSPITAL PHYSICIAN, particularly the section on Board Review in Internal Medicine.1 reconstruction for various associated occlusive and hypoplastic abnormalities in patients undergoing OLTX. Despite these successes, refinement in technique continues as demonstrated by Tzakis et al5 using the venous jump grafts in PVT in 1989. Furthermore, j...

There are many obstacles to overcome in implant dentistry. The bony defect around implant can be seen in immediate installation procedures. Following tooth extraction, however, a socket often presents dimensions that may be considerably greater than the diameter of a conventional implant.1) The placement of implants in fresh extraction sockets was advocated by many authors as a means of reducin...

Until the 1970s, treatment options for heart failure were limited to digitalis and diuretics.1 Although effective for symptoms, there was no evidence of mortality benefit with this combination, and it was an inadequate option for many patients with advanced symptoms. The search for more effective options led to strategies that modulated hemodynamics.1 Numerous physiological studies showed the d...

Since the publication of the Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation (COURAGE) trial1 in April 2007, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has received harsh scrutiny in both the scientific and lay press.2,3 The COURAGE investigators concluded that PCI did not reduce chances of death or myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with stable coronary artery di...

T he left ventricle-right atrium (LVRA) shunt, a rare and special type of ventricular septal defect (VSD), was first reported by Gerbode et al1 in 1958, and was thus termed “Gerbode defect”, after the first author. In 1967, Riemenschneider and Moss2 classified Gerbode defects into two types: direct (or true) and indirect (or false). The direct type is a direct shunt between the left ventricle a...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis are major causes of mortality among preterm infants.1,2 Microbial dysbiosis or imbalance in the gut may predispose to NEC, optimizing microbiome with probiotics is a promising strategy prevent NEC.3 Multiple previous meta-analyses have reported that enteral supplementation probiotics, compared placebo, reduces risks sepsis, mortality.4 Prebiotics, whic...