The reconstitution of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase from the copper-free protein by the Cu(I).GSH complex was monitored by: (a) EPR and optical spectroscopy upon reoxidation of the enzyme-bound copper; (b) NMR spectroscopy following the broadening of the resonances of the Cu(I).GSH complex after addition of Cu-free,Zn-superoxide dismutase; and (c) NMR spectroscopy of the Cu-free,Co(II) enzyme foll...

Pro has been shown to play an important role in ameliorating environmental stress in plants and microorganisms, including heavy metal stress. Here, we describe the effects of the expression of a mothbean delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We show that transgenic algae expressing the mothbean P5CS gene have 80% higher free-Pr...

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient subjects are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Quercetin, a flavonoids, has been employed as a potent oxygen-free radical scavenger in order to assess the protective effects of quercetin against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in G6PD-deficient and normal human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes of G6PD-deficient (n = 10) and normal (n = 10) subjects were ...

The combined addition of reduced form of glutathione (GSH) and iron chelators for decrease of the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and death of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was investigated. The addition of GSH to the serum-free cultures of CHO cells markedly lowered the intracellular ROS level, which effect was comparable to that of the addition of serum (0.4, 10%) an...

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient subjects are vulnerable to oxidative stress. Quercetin, a flavonoids, has been employed as a potent oxygen-free radical scavenger in order to assess the protective effects of quercetin against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in G6PD-deficient and normal human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes of G6PD-deficient (n = 10) and normal (n = 10) subjects were ...

This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in perfused rat livers by evaluating damage marker enzymes, antioxidant defense systems (glutathione, GSH) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA). Sixteen rats were divided randomly into four experimental groups: control, PTX, AFB1 and AFB1 + P...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are occurred in biological system by the action of mitochondrial electron transport system and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) oxidase. These oxygen free radicals play a major role in the development of ailments such as cancer and cataracts. On the other hand, there are various antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxida...

The liver is vulnerable to alcohol-related injury because it is the primary site of alcohol metabolism. Additionally, a number of potentially dangerous by-products are generated as alcohol is broken down in the liver. However, dietary supplements may prevent or relieve some of alcohol's deleterious effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of aqueous extra...