In this article we introduce the Arcade Learning Environment (ALE): both a challenge problem and a platform and methodology for evaluating the development of general, domain-independent AI technology. ALE provides an interface to hundreds of Atari 2600 game environments, each one different, interesting, and designed to be a challenge for human players. ALE presents significant research challeng...

This paper provides a literature review on Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) methods based on adaptive noise cancellation systems. Such methods have been used in various applications, including communication systems, biomedical engineering, and industrial applications. Developments in ALE in noise cancellation are reviewed, including the principles, adaptive algorithms, and recent modifications on t...

The present contribution aims at providing a variational arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) framework for hyperelastostatic as well as hyperelastodynamic problem classes. To this end, a fixed third configuration, the ALE reference or intrinsic configuration, has to be introduced next to the moving spatial and material configuration. The essential idea of the present work is the reformulation o...

Aerobic granular sludge/Nereda technology has proven to be more beneficial compared to activated sludge systems. Until now not much research has been spend on treatment of Nereda excess sludge (NES). In this study the biodegradability of NES is investigated, combined with thermal pressure hydrolysis (TPH) as pre-treatment method and the application of an up-flow digester concept. The maximal bi...

We develop a fast-running smooth adaptive meshing (SAM) algorithm for dynamic curvilinear mesh generation, which is based on fast solution strategy of the time-dependent Monge-Ampère (MA) equation, det⁡∇ψ(x,t)=G∘ψ(x,t). The novelty our approach new so-called perturbation formulation MA, constructs map ψ via composition sequence near-identity deformations reference mesh. Then, we formulate versi...

The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of Al2O3 can be performed using sequential and self-limiting reactions with trimethylaluminum (TMA) and hydrogen fluoride (HF) as the reactants. The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of AlF3 can also be accomplished using the same reactants. This paper examined the competition between Al2O3 ALE and AlF3 ALD using in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) vibra...

Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of the retinal pigment epithelium is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) that often leads to retinal detachment. In this study, Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation and two of its active ingredients, namely chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid were evaluated for anti-EMT properties based on in vitro experiments in human r...

We conjecture that M-theory compactiied on an ALE space (or K3) is described by 0-branes moving on the ALE space. We give evidence for this by showing that if we compactify another circle, we recover string theory on the ALE space. This guarantees that in the large N limit, the matrix model correctly describes the force law between gravitons moving in an ALE background. We also show the appeara...

In this paper, an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is addressed to solve dynamic problems involving large deformation. This ALE method is based upon the operator split technique in which the material displacements and mesh displacements are uncoupled. Special issues such as time-stepping, mesh refinement, dynamic equilibrium checks and remapping of state variables are briefly explaine...

Lager beers are traditionally made at lower temperatures (6-14 degrees C) than ales (15-25 degrees C). At low temperatures, lager strains (Saccharomyces pastorianus) ferment faster than ale strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Two lager and two ale strains had similar maltose transport activities at 20 degrees C, but at 0 degrees C the lager strains had fivefold greater activity. AGT1, MTT1 and ...