This paper introdu es a uni ed approa h to phase-type approximation in whi h the dis rete and the ontinuous phase-type models form a ommon model set. The models of this ommon set are assigned with a non-negative real parameter, the s ale fa tor. The ase when the s ale fa tor is stri tly positive results in Dis rete phase-type distributions and the s ale fa tor represents the time elapsed in one...

Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has emerged as a valuable method by which to investigate microbial adaptation to a desired environment. Here, we performed ALE to 42 °C of ten parallel populations of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 grown in glucose minimal media. Tightly controlled experimental conditions allowed selection based on exponential-phase growth rate, yielding strains that uniformly ...

This paper proposes an adaptive line enhancer (ALE) using a variable band-pass (BP) filter and an all-pass filter. The proposed ALE has the high convergence speed and the small steady-state value of the squared error. The all-pass filter outputs the signal which consists of a sinusoidal signal which has the same phase as that of the input signal to the ALE and a white noise which has no correla...

A new method of performing hot-electron impact excitation experiments using alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices is reported. This method relies on the use of a field-control circuit to control the magnitude of the phosphor field and consists of plotting the intensity of a given electroluminescence transition, normalized by the amount of conduction charge which flow...

Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems have various applications in engineering and biology, where two dynamics, fluid flow and deformable structure, are considered in one system. Simulations of blood flow, tidal current turbines and gas explosions in pipelines are some well-known applications in this research area [2, 6, 9, 16, 20, 21]. FSI problems concern the mutual influence between two...

This study used finite element (FE) analysis with the load-controlled method (LCM) and the displacement-controlled method (DCM) to examine motion differences at the implant level and adjacent levels between fusion and non-fusion implants. A validated three-dimensional intact (INT) L1-L5 FE model was used. At the L3-L4 level, the INT model was modified to surgery models, including the artificial...

The occurrence of mutations is a cornerstone of the evolutionary theory of adaptation, capitalizing on the rare chance that a mutation confers a fitness benefit. Natural selection is increasingly being leveraged in laboratory settings for industrial and basic science applications. Despite increasing deployment, there are no standardized procedures available for designing and performing adaptive...

Despite the improvements in prevention of acute respiratory disease in preterm infants, the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains largely unchanged. Acquired lobar emphysema (ALE) is an increasingly recognized complication of advanced BPD. Barotrauma, oxygen toxicity and lung immaturity are presumed to play an important role in the development of ALE in children with BPD and mos...

A new method for the computational analysis of fluid–structure interaction of a Newtonian fluid with slender bodies is developed. It combines ideas of the fictitious domain and the mortar element method by imposing continuity of the velocity field along an interface by means of Lagrange multipliers. The key advantage of the method is that it circumvents the need for complicated mesh movement st...