Unexpectedly occurring task-irrelevant stimuli have been shown to impair performance. They capture attention away from the main task leaving fewer resources for target processing. However, the actual distraction effect depends on various variables; for example, only target-informative distractors have been shown to cause costs of attentional orienting. Furthermore, recent studies have shown tha...

Plasma membranes in eukaryotic cells display asymmetric lipid distributions with aminophospholipids concentrated in the inner leaflet and sphingolipids in the outer leaflet. This unequal distribution of lipids between leaflets is, amongst several proposed functions, hypothesized to be a prerequisite for endocytosis. P4 ATPases, belonging to the P-type ATPase superfamily of pumps, are involved i...

What sort of people were the doctors in this country two hundred years ago and later ? How did they dress, speak and act, and how did their contemporaries regard them ? One way to answer these questions is to read the novels of the time : provided, of course, that we confine ourselves to those novels which attempt to portray contemporary life and manners, and which were accepted as such by the ...

Eliza Haywood produced innovative, socially meritorious, and entertaining literature throughout her career. In particular, her novels often told stories about people who did not always make socially or morally correct choices; their missteps made them interesting and provided the basis for stories that examined what happened when people defied the status quo. Alexander Pettit observes that " [i...

Public sports facilities have the potential to improve their functions as active living infrastructures (ALIs) in combination with bicycle lanes and green spaces. A favorable sequence of exercise intensities different scenes is important for individuals take physical activity scientifically. Our research aimed explore feasibility promoting consolidating this using reasonable daily routes concat...

The N-System with independent Poisson arrivals and exponential server-dependent service times under first come first served and assign to longest idle server policy has explicit steady state distribution. We scale the arrival and the number of servers simultaneously, and obtain the fluid and central limit approximation for the steady state. This is the first step towards exploring the many serv...

The Unicode Standard [UNICODE], and ISO/IEC 10646 [ISO-10646] jointly define a coded character set (CCS), hereafter referred to as Unicode, which encompasses most of the world’s writing systems [WORKSHOP]. UTF-16, the object of this specification, is a way to encode Unicode characters that has the characteristics of encoding the vast majority of currently-defined characters in exactly two octet...

Word segmentation is a necessary first step for automatic syntactic analysis of Chinese text. Chinese segmentation is highly accurate on news data, but the accuracies drop significantly on other domains, such as science and literature. For scientific domains, a significant portion of out-of-vocabulary words are domain-specific terms, and therefore lexicons can be used to improve segmentation si...