In IO patients with severe myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure, bretylium tosylate was used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias which had proved refractory to lignocaine and procainamide; 6 cases had also failed to respond to phenytoin. In 7 patients stable sinus rhythm was achieved and 5 of these survived to leave hospital. For the period during which bretylium was used,...

[reaction: see text] (+/-)-Kelsoene (4) has been synthesized from 2,5-dihydroanisole in 16 steps in 12.5% overall yield. The key step involves a base-catalyzed reaction of gamma-keto tosylate (5), which effects a homo-Favorskii rearrangement to 16 as well as the corresponding intramolecular S(N)2 product 15 from the enolate of 5. Ketone 15 can efficiently be isomerized to cyclobutanone 17 havin...

 A simple, mild and practical procedure has been developed for the synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ethers by using DMSO, TBAI in the presence of K2CO3. We extended the utility of  Potassium carbonate as an efficient base for the preparation of ethers. A wide range of alkyl aryl and dialkyl ethers are synthesized from treatment of aliphatic alcohols and phenols with various alkyl hali...

The synthesis of the novel nucleotide analogues 5'-deoxynucleoside-5'-S-methylphosphonates, starting from 5'-deoxy-5'-haloribonucleosides, 5'-O-tosylribonucleosides, and 2'-O-triflylnucleosides, is described. The phosphonothiolation of these compounds was achieved using S-(diisopropylphosphonomethyl)isothiouronium tosylate, a new, odourless, and efficient equivalent of mercaptomethylphosphonate...

An efficient tandem synthesis of alkyl aryl ethers, including valuable building blocks of dialdehyde and dinitro groups under microwave irradiation and solvent free conditions on potassium carbonate as a mild solid base has been developed. A series of alkyl aryl ethers were obtained from alcohols in excellent yields by following the Williamson ether synthesis protocol under practical mild condi...

Inhibitors of aflatoxin production of aflatoxigenic fungi are useful for preventing aflatoxin contamination in crops. As methyl syringate weakly inhibits aflatoxin production, aflatoxin production inhibitory activities of additional alkyl syringates with alkyl chains from ethyl to octyl were examined. Inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus became stronger as the l...

Many nickel-based catalysts have been reported for cross-coupling reactions of nonactivated alkyl halides. The mechanistic understanding of these reactions is still primitive. Here we report a mechanistic study of alkyl-alkyl Kumada coupling catalyzed by a preformed nickel(II) pincer complex ([(N2N)Ni-Cl]). The coupling proceeds through a radical process, involving two nickel centers for the ox...

We report a new class of catalytic reaction: the thermal substitution of a secondary and or tertiary alkyl halide with a nitrogen nucleophile. The alkylation of a nitrogen nucleophile with an alkyl halide is a classical method for the construction of C-N bonds, but traditional substitution reactions are challenging to achieve with a secondary and or tertiary alkyl electrophile due to competing ...