Abstract Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease, characterized by defective central B cell tolerance. Deficiency of MYD88, which mediates the function TLRs, results in a failure to silence autoreactive cells. CXCL4, chemokine found elevated sera SSc patients, potentiates IFN-α secretion from TLR9-induced plasmacytoid dendritic The objective investigate w...

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) are ideal accessory cells in the field of gene therapy. Delivery of DNA and siRNA into mammalian cells is a useful technique in treating various diseases caused by single gene defects. Selective gene silencing by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN)s is an efficient method for the manipulation of cellular functions. An effic...

there is increasing trend in using recombinant stem cells as novel therapeutic candidates in different diseases. these studies encompass different applications from targeted homing of mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (msc), to arming them with different cytokines. resistance to transfection or transduction methods had urged researchers to look for better gene delivery alternates and optimizing ...

Objective(s): Filamentous bacteriophage M13 was genetically engineered to specifically target mammalian cells for gene delivery purpose. Materials and Methods: A vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-specific nanobody was genetically fused to the capsid gene III of M13 bacteriophage (pHEN4/3VGR19). A mammalian expression construct containing Cop-green fluorescent protein (Cop-G...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence and the mechanisms of cineoleand terpineol on the in-vitro transdermal delivery of huperzine a from microemulsions, andtheir potential synergistic effect on the permeation enhancement. the transdermal deliveryof huperzine a from microemulsions with different concentrations of cineole and terpineolthrough the rat abdominal skin was de...

Objective Polyethylenimine (PEI), a readily available synthetic polycation which has high transfection efficiency owing to its buffering capacity was introduced for transfection a few years ago. But it has been reported that PEI is cytotoxic in many cell lines. In this study, in order to enhance the transfection efficiency of 10 kDa PEI and reduce its toxicity, hydrophobic residues were grafte...

Novel cationic pentablock copolymers based on poly(2-diethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (PDEAEM) and Pluronic F127 were evaluated as non-viral gene delivery vectors from a physiochemical point of view for stability and transfection efficiency in complete growth media. A novel strategy was introduced to sterically stabilize the polyplexes of such Pluronic-based cationic polymers against aggregation ...

Recent supply chains face higher volatility due to increased length and complexity. Cost pressure from severe competition drives industries to outsource its production to Asia, which in turn makes the supply chains long and complex. As a result, it is increasingly critical to manage supply chains actively to reduce uncertainty in delivery lead time and increase service rates. Often operating mu...

In this paper, our objective is to come up with a sound methodology to design supply chains with outstanding delivery performance. As the first step towards this objective, we consider supply chains with a linear workflow, which we call pipelined supply chains. We define a new index of delivery performance called delivery sharpness which measures the precision as well as the accuracy with which...