Oxidative stress represents a situation where there is an imbalance between the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the availability and the activity of antioxidants. This balance is disturbed by increased generation of free radicals or decreased antioxidant activity. It is very important to develop methods and find appropriate biomarkers that may be used to assess oxidative stress in vivo. It is...

In this study, simultaneous quantification of allantoin, uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine in cow milk by solid phase extraction (SPE) high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was perform. Five different SPE cartridges were tested order to evaluate the isolation purine derivatives (PD) from milk. Chromatography carried out on ODS-2 Hypersil column 0.05 ...

The ureides, allantoin and allantoic acid, are major forms of N transported from nodules to shoots in soybeans (Merr.). Little is known about the occurrence, localization, or properties of the enzymes involved in the assimilation of ureides in shoot tissues. We have examined the capacity of the shoot tissues to assimilate allantoin via allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) during leaf and fruit development...

Five Haflinger mares were hand-milked at 0 h (pre-suckle) and 6 h (postsuckle), 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after parturition. Total solids, protein, fat, lactose, calculated gross energy content, leptin and non-protein nitrogen components (urea, alpha-amino nitrogen, creatinine and allantoin) were determined. The levels of the major constituents differed significantly in pre-suckle colostrum from ...

In humans and other higher primates, uric acid (UA) is the end product of purine metabolism generated by oxidation of xanthine catalyzed by xantine oxidase (XO) (EC 1.17.3.2) (Figure 1). In other mammals, UA is further oxidized by uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) to yield highly soluble allantoin, which is then excreted from the body. From the evolutionary standpoint, the reasons for the mutations resultin...

Redox stress is involved in the aortic aneurysm pathogenesis Marfan syndrome (MFS). We recently reported that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, blocked aortopathy MFS mouse model acting as an antioxidant without altering uric acid (UA) plasma levels. Hyperuricaemia ambiguously associated with cardiovascular injuries UA, having or pro-oxidant properties depending on concentration...

Yeast can use a wide variety of nitrogen compounds. However, the ability to synthesize enzymes and permeases for catabolism of poor nitrogen sources is limited in the presence of a rich one. This general mechanism of transcriptional control is called nitrogen catabolite repression. Poor nitrogen sources, such as leucine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and allantoin, enable growth after the synthes...

THE research recorded in the present communication1 was suggested by the remarkable fact, based on an observation made by Benedict [1916], that the Dalmatian breed of dog, i.e. the spotted coach dog, differs from other dogs in excreting a much higher percentage of uric acid. The late author thought, therefore, it would be interesting to ascertain how offspring from a cross between the Dalmatian...