Since ALMA instrument will have low noise receivers with very large instantaneous bandwidth, gain stability should be carefully specified to avoid limiting the sensitivity of the total system. This memorandum reviews the methods for the characterization of gain stability in the time and frequency domain and presents examples of experimental setups used for its measurement in the case of cryogen...

We address in this white paper the ability of ALMA to observe extrasolar planetary systems (in various stages of formation). The observation of extrasolar planetary systems is thought to be one of the most important science drivers for ALMA. As such, we should have some idea of what the capabilities might be in this regard.

We present results on the dust attenuation of galaxies at redshift ∼ 3 − 6 by studying the relationship between the UV spectral slope (βUV) and the infrared excess (IRX; LIR/LUV) using ALMA far-infrared continuum observations. Our study is based on a sample of 67 massive, star-forming galaxies with a median mass of M∗∼ 10 10.7 M⊙ spanning a redshift range z = 2.6−3.7 (median z = 3.2) that were ...

For decades, the concept of roles has frequently been discussed in the literature of various fields of computer science, such as conceptual modelling and knowledge representation, but an integrative definition of the concept has not yet been accomplished. On the basis of an extensive literature review, a general approach to roles is elaborated, which includes a system of classification. The mot...

Every domain-speci c ontology must use as a framework some upper-level ontology which describes the most general, domain-independent categories of reality. In the present paper we sketch a new type of upper-level ontology, which is intended to be the basis of a knowledge modelling language GOL (for: `General Ontological Language'). It turns out that the upperlevel ontology underlying standard m...

Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy ( A.R., C:C:, S.S.), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Italy (R.P., A.G.), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Italy (F.N., M.M.), TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti, 20, Loc Taverne, 06073 Corciano, I...

a Department of Biology, Alma College, Alma, MI, U.S.A. b Department of Biology, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, FL, U.S.A. c Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia d Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia e School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales,...

The GOL ASIC is a serializer chip developed by CERN based on a 0.25 μm CMOS technology [1]. The GOL operates with two data rates: 800 Mbps and 1.6 Gbps. This ASIC has been evaluated with radiation tolerance requirement for the ATLAS Inner Detector upgrade for the SLHC 1 . A demo-link has been designed and constructed to read out silicon detectors in the test staves through fiber optics. Through...

In order to perform fast switching phase calibration effectively, we need to have a database of bright point-like sources at millimeter wavelengths. Optimally, this would include flux measurements at 86 GHz and spectral information at higher frequencies. We present a sample of 31145 compact flat spectrum radio sources with −40 < δ < +60, presumed extragalactic, which will be likely candidates f...