The Adelgidae form a small clade of insects within the Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) that includes some of the most destructive introduced pest species threatening North American forest ecosystems. Despite their importance, little is known about their evolutionary history and their taxonomy remains unresolved. Adelgids are cyclically parthenogenetic and exhibit multigeneration complex life cycles. The...

In this paper, I discuss Finnish case alternation adpositions from a theoretical and corpus perspective. First, I argue that postpositional PP constructions with genitive case denote the standard spatial meaning of which an extension is marked with partitive case. Also, I show how word order interacts with case assignment. Both findings are formalized in a bidirectional Optimality Theoretic fra...

We introduce the notion of empty alternation by investigating alternating automata which are restricted to empty their storage except for a logarithmically space-bounded tape before making an alternating transition. In particular, we consider the cases when the depth of alternation is bounded by a constant or a polylogarithmic function. In this way we get new characterizations of the classes AC...

Holding the government accountable is a crucial function of elections. The extent to which voters can actually do so depends on political system. One element that may influence likelihood hold difference between wholesale and partial alternation. Prominent scientists like Mair, Bergman Strøm Pellegata Quaranta propose in countries with alternation are better able governments because essence hav...

.... 1 I .. , A well known effect of lesions of frontal granular cortex and of all limbic structures including the hippocampus is the impairment of the classical delayed spatial alternation problem (Pribram et at. 1952. 1962, 1966; Mishkin and Pribram 1955; Mishkin 1964; McEnaney and Butter 1969). Not every alternation performance, however. shows a decrement from frontal cortex or medial forebr...

We describe the Lingva tool for generating and proving complex program properties using the recently introduced symbol elimination method. We present implementation details and report on a large number of experiments using academic benchmarks and open-source software programs. Our experiments show that Lingva can automatically generate quantified invariants, possibly with alternation of quantif...