A completely randomized experimental design was conducted to estimate ammonia excretion rate by red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) during different stages of its growth in recirculating water system units typically designed to meet the experiment purposes. Eight weight groups each containing 75individuals of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, 180 and 200g average weight were considered as treatments in duplic...

We modified the Hyland Ammonia kit for plasma to measure blood ammonia from which the erythrocyte ammonia is calculated. Our modified method gave good recoveries and its precision based on replicate assays was excellent (CV less than 3.0%). The within-day and day-to-day precision was determined from pooled blood and aqueous ammonia solution respectively. The precision calculated from duplicate ...

Unplanned releases of ammonia lead more often to evacuation and injury than releases of other chemicals, but few studies have systematically investigated ammonia releases. We analyzed Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system data for 1993-1998. Evacuation of a total of at least 40,680 persons resulted from 537 ammonia releases, and 248 ammonia releases led to injury of 1434 per...

Organic Field Effect Transistors (OFETs) are used to measure ammonia in solution via ammonia diffusion into the OFET channel. An increase in ammonia concentrations results in a decrease in transistor currents. The regeneration of the OFET current after ammonia uptake is slow, which allows us to read out the maximum ammonia dose which was applied. A 100 nm parylene-C layer serves as a semipermea...

Relative to the gills, the mechanisms by which the kidney contributes to ammonia and acid-base homeostasis in fish are poorly understood. Goldfish were exposed to a low pH environment (pH 4.0, 48 h), which induced a characteristic metabolic acidosis and an increase in total plasma [ammonia] but reduced plasma ammonia partial pressure (PNH3). In the kidney tissue, total ammonia, lactate and intr...

The influence of ammonia and lactate on cell growth, metabolic, and antibody production rates was investigated for murine hybridoma cell line 163.4G5.3 during batch culture. The specific growth rate was reduced by one-half in the presence of an initial ammonia concentration of 4 mM. Increasing ammonia levels accelerated glucose and glutamine consumption, decreased ammonia yield from glutamine, ...

An innovative concept is proposed to recover ammonia from industrial wastewater using a molecular sieve silica membrane in pervaporation (PV), benchmarked against vacuum membrane distillation (VMD). Cobalt and iron doped molecular sieve silica-based ceramic membranes were evaluated based on the ammonia concentration factor downstream and long-term performance. A modified low-temperature membran...

The plasma ammonia response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was examined and the relationship between plasma ammonia concentration and muscle adenine nucleotide metabolism was explored. In total, 25 stable COPD patients and 13 similar-aged controls underwent incremental and constant-work rate cycle exercise tests. Arterialised venous blood was sampled at rest, at 1-m...

Ammonia emissions are associated with many agricultural operations including animal and poultry operations, waste and wastewater treatment operations, and fertilizer and manure land applications. The fate of ammonia released to atmosphere is affected by interaction with other gases, aerosols, and fine particles. These interactions affect the gas-to-particle conversion. This process alters ammon...

The disordered-molecular-alloy phase (DMA) of ammonia hydrates [J. S. Loveday and R. J. Nelmes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4329 (1999)] is unique in that it has substitutional disorder of ammonia and water over the molecular sites of a body centred cubic lattice. Whilst this structure has been observed in ammonia di- and mono-hydrate compositions, it has not been conclusively observed in the ammonia ...