Current understanding of the vapor-liquid exchange kinetics of liquid water is incomplete, leading to uncertainties in modeling the climatic effects of clouds and aerosol. Initial studies of atmospherically relevant solutes (ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride) indicate that their effect on the evaporation kinetics of water is minimal, but all those constituent ions are also expected to be deplet...

We examined indices of thyroid development in tadpoles from ammonium perchlorate (AP)-exposed sites. Bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles collected from a reference site exhibited normal developmental features, with many completing metamorphoses. In contrast, tadpoles collected from the AP contaminated site exhibited a 5-fold lower hindlimb/snout-vent length ratio than tadpoles from the referen...

Thin films of ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) were exposed to energetic electrons at 5.5 K to explore the radiolytic decomposition mechanisms. The effects of radiolysis were monitored on line and in situ via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the condensed phase along with electron impact ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (EI-QMS) and single-photon photoionization reflectron...

The methods of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimettry (DSC) have been used to study the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). TGA curves obtained under both isothermal and nonisothermal conditions show a characteristic slowdown at the extents of conversion, R ) 0.30-0.35. DSC demonstrates that in this region the process changes from an exothermic t...