This work addresses the problem of controlled heap usage by functional programs. Heap consumption becomes an issue in many applications; examples include programming for small devices and distributed computing. We consider a heap-aware type system for a functional language over polymorphic lists. The type annotations in the system determine bounds on heap consumption and gain as functions of th...

The Canadian system for financing housing differs in a number of important respects from the U.S. system. Of greatest interest for this study is the absence of interest rate ceilings on deposits or mortgages and the fact that nearly all single-family mortgages are of a "roll-over" variety with interest rates fixed for only a fraction of the total amortization period, These two differences, as w...

The performance of sequential search can be enhanced by the use of heuristics that move elements closer to the front of the list as they are found. Previous analyses have characterized the performance of such heuristics probabilistically. In this article,, we use amortization to analyze the heuristics in a worst-case sense; the relative merit of the heuristics in this analysis is different in t...

The partial reuse algebraic multigrid (AMG) setup cost amortization strategy is presented for the solution of non-steady state problems. transfer operators are reused from previous time steps, and system matrices smoother rebuilt on each AMG hierarchy levels. It shown example modelling a two-fluid dam break scenario that may decrease preconditioner by 40 $$\%$$ to 200 . total compute decreased ...

In 2012, Texas and two municipalities therein adopted regulations governing the payday loan market. Austin Dallas enacted supply restrictions limiting loan-to-income ratio mandating amortization. The state an information disclosure inspired by Bertrand Morse (2011) presenting cost typical usage of loans in easy-to-understand terms. We find that municipal led to a 61% decline volume 44% Dallas, ...

We provide the first economic research on `buy now, pay later' (BNPL): an unregulated FinTech credit product enabling consumers to defer payments interest-free into instalments. In 2021 transactions by BNPL firms are charged $19.5\%$ of active cards in our UK data. Charging a $0\%$ interest, amortizing debt cards, where typical interest rates $20\%$ and amortization schedules decades-long, rais...

We analyze two ways to obtain distinguishability measures between quantum maps by employing the square root of Jensen-Shannon divergence, which forms a true distance in space density operators. The arising are transmission channels and entropic channel divergence. investigate their mathematical properties discuss physical meaning. Additionally, we establish chain rule for implies amortization c...