A new species of anisogammarid amphipod, Jesogammarus (Jesogammarus) ikiensis sp. n., is described from freshwaters in the Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, based on results of morphological and molecular analyses. The new species is distinguished from all members of the genus by the combination of small number of setae on dorsal margins of pleonites 1-3, short and small number of setae o...

In theory, plants could induce resistance to herbivores after being directly grazed or after sensing cues from the grazing of neighboring plants (i.e., the ‘‘talking trees’’ effect). Despite an extensive literature on induced defenses in plants, the relative importance of direct attack versus cues from neighbors in mediating induction is not well understood; this is especially true for seaweeds...

Seawater temperature varies across multiple spatial and temporal scales, yet the roles that such variation play in altering biotic interactions are poorly known. We assessed temperature-mediated feeding behavior exhibited by the herbivorous amphipod Ampithoe longimana collected from cold-temperate and subtropical estuaries (27 degrees N and 41 degrees N, respectively). Individuals were offered ...

Seasonal oxygen depletion (hypoxia) in coastal bottom waters can lead to the release and persistence of free sulfide (euxinia), which is highly detrimental to marine life. Although coastal hypoxia is relatively common, reports of euxinia are less frequent, which suggests that certain environmental controls can delay the onset of euxinia. However, these controls and their prevalence are poorly u...

Estuarine and marine sediments are a probable end point for many engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) due to enhanced aggregation and sedimentation in marine waters, as well as uptake and deposition by suspension-feeding organisms on the seafloor. Benthic infaunal organisms living in sediments encounter relatively high concentrations of pollutants and may also suffer toxic effects of ENPs. We tested...

Toxicity testing of whole sediments was conducted as part of the Bremerhaven Workshop designed to test various methods (chemical and biological) for assessing the status of North Sea waters, sediments and biota. Six investigators from 4 countries were involved; laboratory testing was conducted after transporting field-collected sediments distances varying from tens of miles to thousands of mile...

The benthic foraminifers Bulimina denudata and Eggerelloides advenus are commonly abundant in offshore regions the Pacific Ocean, especially waste-discharge sites. relationship between their abundance standard macrofaunal sediment toxicity tests (amphipod survival sea urchin fertilization) as well chemistry analyte measurements were determined for sediments collected 1997 Santa Monica Bay, Cali...

In Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, some of the most contaminated sediments are found in the highly industrialized Baltimore Harbor–Patapsco River area. As part of a comprehensive assessment of sediment quality in this system, sediment toxicity was assessed in 10-d acute tests with the estuarine amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. Mean amphipod survival was significantly reduced in 7 of the 25 samp...