in this paper an efficient three- stage algorithm is developed for software production cost and time estimation. first stage includes a hybrid model composed of cocomo and function points methods to increase estimation accuracy. second stage encompasses paired comparisons matrix of analytical hierarchy process to determine amount of any resources consumed in each step of software production by ...

<p class="Abstract">Security or protection systems at generators, substations, transmission, and housing others, especially to overcome lightning disturbances leakage currents, the earthing system must meet required standards. For each part of system, from substation residential electricity utilization as well other parts, standard earth resistance is not same, for example a maximum 5 Ω, ...

Most of new information systems development is now being undertaken with Web-based architectures. The objective of this study is to identify and assess the relative importance of the required features for methodologies used to develop Web-based information systems. Critical success factors (CSFs) for the development of Web-based applications were identified from the literature and organized int...

Locating landfills in urban areas is one of the most important issues in urban planning because of the effect on economy, ecology, and environment, therefore the right management and principled landfilling of solid waste is the major concern all over the world especially in the developed countries. In locating landfills, different criteria should be considered. In the present study, locating si...

The suggestion in this paper tackles the uncertainty of choosing best analysis and selection high-quality gemstones based on multiple specific criteria quantitative qualitative nature. In paper, we use fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP) order to make right decision know quality gemstone. This method is an effective algorithm through comparisons between characteristics stones their weight....