While inductive and deductive reasoning are considered distinct logical and psychological processes, little is known about their respective neural basis. To address this issue we scanned 16 subjects with fMRI, using an event-related design, while they engaged in inductive and deductive reasoning tasks. Both types of reasoning were characterized by activation of left lateral prefrontal and bilat...

Abstract Traditional path planning methods, such as sampling-based and iterative approaches, allow for optimal path’s computation in complex environments. Nonetheless, environment exploration is subject to rules which can be obtained by domain experts could used improving the search. The present work aims at integrating inductive techniques that generate candidates with deductive choose preferr...

Three common approaches for deriving or predicting instantiated relations are information extraction, deductive reasoning and machine learning. Information extraction uses subsymbolic unstructured sensory information, e.g. in form of texts or images, and extracts statements using various methods ranging from simple classifiers to the most sophisticated NLP approaches. Deductive reasoning is bas...

Introduction: The current world needs people who have a lot of different abilities such as cognition and application of different ways of thinking, research, problem solving, critical thinking skills and creativity. In addition to critical thinking, learning styles is another key factor which has an essential role in the process of problem solving. This study aimed to determine the relationship...

This paper1 deals with an integration approach of quality management methods using the deductive object-oriented DBMS ConceptBase as a repository. Based on the IRDS standard we defined a distributed modeling environment. The experiences we had during the modeling process in the research project WibQuS2 emphasize the need for object-oriented abstraction mechanisms and deductive reasoning. Furthe...

We present a data model which supports two kinds of reasoning. Firstly, it supports terminological reasoning in the style of KL-ONE, mainly subsumption of concepts (types) and instantiation of objects, a kind of type inference for objects. Secondly, it also supports deductive inferencing and integrity checking in the style of logic programming languages and deductive databases. This data model ...

We formulate a simple theory of deductive reasoning based on mental models. One prediction of the theory is experimentally tested and found to be incorrect. The bearing of our results on contemporary theories of mental models is discussed. We then consider a potential objection to current rule-theories of deduction. Such theories picture deductive reasoning as the successive application of infe...