BACKGROUND Zero-dimensional (lumped parameter) and one dimensional models, based on simplified representations of the components of the cardiovascular system, can contribute strongly to our understanding of circulatory physiology. Zero-D models provide a concise way to evaluate the haemodynamic interactions among the cardiovascular organs, whilst one-D (distributed parameter) models add the fac...

Rapid developments in the relatively new disciplines of ‘bioinformatics’, ‘computational biology’ and ‘systems biology’ have led to a marked increase in the use of kinetic models in the study of complex biological systems [for example, see ‘Nature insight: Computational biology’ (2002) Nature 420, 205–251]. When reading publications in these ‘new’ fields, it is easy to overlook the fact that th...

Antibodies against an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C purified from bovine brain were used to screen rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA libraries. Complete sequences of three cDNA inserts yielded a cumulative sequence of 5106 base pairs. The deduced protein had 1289 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 148,431. The determination of an open reading frame was aided ...

Hinshelwood & W illiamson 1934 The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, p . 46. Kassel & Storch 1935 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 57, 672. Kassel 1937 Chem. Rev. 21, 331. K istiakowsky 1930 J . Amer. Chem. Soc. 52 , 1868. Lewis & von Elbe 1942 J. Chem. Phys. 10, 366. Napravnik & Smith 1940 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 62, 385. Pease 1930 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 52 , 5106. Pease 1931 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 53, 3188. Po...

Bidirectional interactions between nocturnal hormone secretion and sleep regulation are well established. In particular, a link between PRL and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been hypothesized. Short-term administration of PRL and even long-term hyperprolactinemia in animals increases REM sleep. Furthermore, sleep disorders are frequent symptoms in patients with endocrine diseases. We compa...