this study was conducted to examine the obstacles of performing suggestion system at executive organizations of zanjan province,iran, in order to recognize the problematic areas. to this end, executive organizations were divided into two groups on the basis of performing given suggestions: successful and unsuccessful groups . from each group,  four organizations were studied. similarly, perform...

an analytical nonlinear stress-strain model and a microscopic damage index for confined and unconfined concretes together with a macroscopic damage index for reinforced concrete (rc) structures under cyclic loading are proposed. in order to eliminate the problem of scale effect, an adjustable finite element computer program was generated to simulate rc structures subjected to cyclic loading. by...

concrete shear walls are the most prevalent structural systems resisting lateral loads due to earthquakes in high-rise buildings. very large in-plane stiffness of shear walls provides an excellent drift control in the structure. however, structural damages and early code shortcomings threaten the efficiency of existing structural walls against earthquake. recently, fiber reinforced polymer (frp...

abstract shah jahan, based on structural zone is located in south of kapedagh and in eastern side of aladagh mountains in 37◦ till 37◦25' northern latitude and 57◦30' till 58◦30' eastern longitude of northeastern part of iran. geomorphologic and tectonic elements show that this area is partly young and mountains can be affected highly by geomorphologic and hydrologic elem...

Non Structural elements such as mechanical, electrical and architectural elements always posses serious damage potentials during earthquakes. Degree of damage imposed by the non structural elements is not usually measured by the physical damages caused, but more so by the amount of the economical and functional disruptions created in a built environment. This phenomenon is enhanced where the fu...