Background:Addiction is regarded as one of the most important social issues influencing all aspects of people’s lives including personal, social, physical, and mental aspects. Given the increasing rate of the disease and its associated irreparable damages to a patient’s life and the community, this disease and its methods of preventing and treating should especially be taken into consideration....

Introduction:Dystonia is a disorder of movement caused by various etiologies. Laryngeal dystonia is caused by the spasm of laryngeal muscles. It is a disorder caused by vocal fold movement in which excessive adduction or abduction of the vocal folds occurs during speech. The pathophysiology of this type of dystonia is not fully known. Some researchers have suggested that basal ganglia structure...

this article is an effort to know the dialect of people in kashan and to survey its vocal and phonic characteristics by studying the language of the people of this city. collecting and classifying some words, the author tries to analyze the most important factor in vocal and phonic differences, namely, the changes of vowels and consonants. also, in this article a try is made to investigate the ...

Introduction: Mucous retention cysts are a subtype of intracordal vocal cysts that may occur spontaneously or may be associated with poor vocal hygiene, and which require optimal treatment. The objective of this study was to present a new laser-assisted microsurgery technique for treating intracordal mucous retention cysts and to describe the final outcomes.   Materials and Methods: In this pro...

Supplying sufficient early reflections to audience members is an important prerequisite to good acoustic quality in performing arts spaces. However, the relationship between the geometry of a room and its acoustic efficiency in terms of early energy has rarely been investigated using basic geometrical principles. The present study demonstrates the possibility of predicting the average value of ...