today multinational studies using genome-wide association scan (gwas) for >1000,000 polymorphisms on >100,000 cases with major psychiatric diseases versus controls, combined with next-generation sequencing have found ~100 genetic polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia (scz), bipolar disorder (bd), autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (adhd), etc. however, the effect size of...

nahj al-blaghe is the most valuable and influent book for muslims after the holy quran. this book is effective and meaningful for anyone as a muslim. this moral treasure has also had great effects on literary men. the present article investigatesbustan by saadi and studies and presents the images which saadi has extracted from nahj al-blaghe, ghorar al-hekamand doarar al-hekam. comprehending th...

Avian song learning is an important model system for understanding vocal learning in humans and other animals. Laboratory studies indicate that social interactions are critical for song learning, but field observations show that territorial males are aggressive to intruders, raising the question of whether young birds are tolerated, much less tutored in the wild. We examined how adult song spar...

We describe a basic Geo-coding service encompassing a geo-parsing tool and integrated digital gazetteer service. The development of a geo-parser comes from the need to explicitly georeference large resource collections such as the Statistical Accounts of Scotland which currently only contain implicit georeferences in the form of placennames thus making such collections inherently geographically...

We consider logics which define different properties of functions –such as injectivity, surjectivity, monotonicity, etc.– in the context of temporal×modal logic. In this type of logics, the possible worlds semantics is modified by considering each world as a temporal flow and using accessibility functions to represent the connection among them. This approach is adequate to model interactions be...

An approach to nonmonotonic inference, based on preference orderings between possible worlds or states of affairs, is presented. We begin with an extant weak theory of default conditionals; using this theory, orderings on worlds are derived. The idea is that if a conditional such as “birds fly” is true then, all other things being equal, worlds in which birds fly are preferred over those where ...

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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now considered routine in IVF laboratories with micromanipulation capability and access to genetic diagnostic services. The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of PGD, the number of cycles performed, and the indications for which PGD has been used. This increase has been mirrored by a slow, but steady, increase in the range o...

Evidence based medicine is very important for success of modern medicine. It is the ongoing process of using the most reliable evidence from clinical studies, scientific understanding and medical practice to make the best possible medical choice for patients. Evidence based medicine is how medicine advances and how we get improvements in life expectancy and quality of life. It not only identifi...