In this article, we review the methods of anaesthesia commonly used in ophthalmology in Singapore. These include topical, local, regional and general anaesthesia. Topical and local anaesthesia is adequate for most outpatient procedures. The most common form of regional anaesthesia in Singapore is still retrobulbar anaesthesia. General anaesthesia is used in children and when more extensive proc...

Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) is defined as a technique of general anaesthesia using a combination of agents given solely by the intravenous route and in the absence of inhalational agents. This article reviews the indications, advantages and disadvantages, principle, mode of administration, clinical techniques and drugs used for TIVA. Total intravenous anesthesia, or TIVA, can provide a...

Subdural anesthesia, although rare, is a significant complication of epidural anesthesia. This case report presents 28-year-old female patient who developed sudden unconsciousness following anesthesia administration for labor pain. Despite no evident contraindications to she lost consciousness shortly after the initial test dose, leading an emergency cesarean section under general The neonate s...

Similar reports in the past pay less attention to anesthetic management of these patients. We reported a 46-year-old man who suffered from hypertensive cerebral apoplexy 5 months ago and accepted C7 nerve transfer improve central spastic paralysis right upper limb. After careful evaluation anesthesia before anesthesia, operation was successfully completed under general anesthesia. The patient c...

OBJECTIVE The technique of anaesthesia in caesarean sections is selected according to the patient's clinical presentation, experience of the anaesthesist and the patient's wishes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anaesthesia methods employed in our clinic in the last decade (2003-2012). METHODS Records of caesarean operations performed between 2003-2012 in the Anaesthesia departm...

Regional anesthesia techniques have been increasingly used in orthopedic surgery procedures. Regional anesthesia techniques can be classified as central neuraxial blocks including spinal and epidural anesthesia, peripheral nerve blocks including upper extremity and lower extremity blocks and regional intravenous anesthesia (RIVA) (Table 1). In many clinical studies have been reported that regio...

Most regional anesthesia in breast surgeries is performed as postoperative pain management under general anesthesia, and not as the primary anesthesia. Regional anesthesia has very few cardiovascular or pulmonary side-effects, as compared with general anesthesia. Pectoral nerve block is a relatively new technique, with fewer complications than other regional anesthesia. We performed Pecs I and ...

purpose: to compare general anesthesia (ga) with local anesthesia (la) in terms of safety and patient satisfaction. methods: in this interventional case series, 928 consecutive patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were included. data for analysis were type of anesthesia and operation, patient compliance, operating conditions and pain scores. general anesthesia was provided with a standa...