Covid-19 disease created a havoc since 2019, affected large number of people over worldwide. As the second wave is receding, we will be receiving patients with long-term effects for surgeries either their primary or complications arising from Covid-19. Primarily, affecting pulmonary and cardiac system, many other systems including renal, hematology, central nervous, endocrine etc. also damaged ...

As the number of persons aged 65 years and older continues to increase, the anesthesiologist will more frequently encounter this demographic. Cardiovascular changes that occur in this patient population present difficult anesthetic challenges and place these patients at high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The anesthesiologist should be knowledgeable about these age-related cardi...

BACKGROUND The Texas Medicaid Program (Medicaid) defines billable time for labor analgesia as face-to-face time; therefore, anesthesia providers determine billed time. The authors' goal was to determine the influence of anesthesia providers on labor analgesia costs billed to Medicaid. METHODS Under the Freedom of Information Act, Medicaid provided data on claims paid for 6 months in 2001 for ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preanesthesia evaluation (PAE) is fundamental in the preparation of a surgical patient. Among its advantages is the reduction of preoperative care costs. Although prior studies had observed this benefit, it is not clear whether it can be taken into consideration among us. The objective of the present study was to compare the costs of preoperative care performed by the ...

Purpose of review We will explain the basic principles intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) during spinal surgery. Thereafter we highlight significant impact that general anesthesia can have on efficacy IONM and provide an overview essential pharmacological physiological factors need to be optimized enable IONM. Lastly, stress importance teamwork between anesthesiologist, neuroph...